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nickel (commercially pure nickel)

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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001852
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... remedies to prevent additional failures. molds thermal fatigue fracture dimensional constraints electroformed nickel cracking distortion finite element modeling thermal stress nickel (commercially pure nickel) Introduction Nickel electroforming is the process that involves growing...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.homegoods.c9001610
EISBN: 978-1-62708-222-8
... 5832 standards. Jewelry 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 were manufactured in nonsurgical grade stainless steel. Jewelry 4 was produced with commercially pure niobium. All jewelry presented surface linear irregularities. The surface finish of the jewelry was not produced by an electropolishing procedure...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.med.c9001690
EISBN: 978-1-62708-226-6
... composition of the oral maxillofacial plate (Ti-6Al-4V alloy) was not in accordance with the minimum requirements of ISO 5832-3. Plates used in maxillofacial surgery are, however, usually fabricated in commercially pure titanium alloys (CP Ti), 26 and the chemical composition and grain size were...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003555
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... Hastelloy X nickel-base superalloy 1205 2200 1 HX (17Cr-66Ni-bal Fe) 1150 2100 1 (a) Seamless tube. (b) Electric resistance welded tube Iron oxides alone are not protective above 550 °C (1020 °F) ( Ref 5 ). Chromium, aluminum, and/or silicon assist in forming scales, which...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006786
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... reviews some commercial alloy systems in which liquid-metal-induced embrittlement or solid-metal-induced embrittlement has been documented and describes some examples of cracking due to these phenomena, either in manufacturing or in service. commercial alloy systems failure analysis liquid-metal...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006783
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... galvanic corrosion of magnesium in saline environments. Very pure aluminum is quite compatible, acting as a polarizable cathode; however, when iron content exceeds 200 ppm, cathodic activity becomes significant (apparently because of the depolarizing effect of the intermetallic compound FeAl 3...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003553
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... analysis, metallographic analysis, and simulated-service tests. It provides case studies for the analysis of SCC service failures and their occurrence in steels, stainless steels, and commercial alloys of aluminum, copper, magnesium, and titanium. aluminum alloys austenitic stainless steel carbon...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003548
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... damaging, although not fully compatible with magnesium. Aluminum alloys containing small percentages of copper (7000 and 2000 series and 380 die-casting alloy) may cause serious galvanic corrosion of magnesium in saline environments. Very pure aluminum is quite compatible, acting as a polarizable...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006787
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... 980 1795 3 Hastelloy X nickel-base superalloy 1205 2200 3 HX (17Cr-66Ni-bal Fe) 1150 2100 3 (a) Seamless tube. (b) Electric-resistance-welded tube The effects of oxygen concentration and temperature are specific to each alloy. Scale growth rate increases...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006828
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
..., and the service environment. Fortunately, there are numerous commercially available alloys with a wide range of compositions and properties. The demands of the aerospace industry for improved joining processes have resulted in the development of heat- and corrosion-resistant braze filler metals, such as nickel...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003552
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... focuses on the types of hydrogen embrittlement that occur in all the major commercial metal and alloy systems, including stainless steels, nickel-base alloys, aluminum and aluminum alloys, titanium and titanium alloys, copper and copper alloys, and transition and refractory metals. The specific types...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006784
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... of hydrogen damage in all the major commercial alloy systems. It covers the broader topic of hydrogen damage, which can be quite complex and technical in nature. The article focuses on failure analysis where hydrogen embrittlement of a steel component is suspected. It provides practical advice for the failure...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003554
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... metal induced embrittlement (LMIE). It describes the unique features that assist in arriving at a clear conclusion whether SMIE or LMIE is the most probable cause of the problem. The article briefly reviews some commercial alloy systems where LMIE or SMIE has been documented. It also provides some...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006785
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... impurities present in the material with respect to its susceptibility to SCC. Composition High-purity metals are generally less susceptible to SCC than most commercial grades of metals and alloys. In fact, pure metals were long considered immune to SCC on the basis of experience. However, it was later...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006781
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... combined damage in TMF. A good example to illustrate the potential damage mechanisms and their interaction occurring in TMF is provided by the demand placed on a representative commercial aircraft turbine. Figure 1 provides a representative time series of the turbine entry temperature (TET) resulting...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003569
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... of the normalized erosion resistance of the test materials. Reference materials include aluminum alloy 1100-O, commercially pure annealed nickel (for example, Nickel 270), and type 316 stainless steel with a hardness of 150 to 175 HV. As mentioned, previously these materials are used also to calibrate the testing...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006780
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... (such as lead, tin, and high-purity aluminum) can deform by creep at or a little above room temperature. In contrast, refractory body-centered cubic metals (such as tungsten and molybdenum) and nickel-base superalloys require temperatures near 1000 °C (1830 °F) to activate the onset of creep deformation...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003545
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... deform by creep at or a little above room temperature. In contrast, refractory body-centered cubic metals (such as tungsten and molybdenum) and nickel-base superalloys require temperatures near 1000 °C (1830 °F) to activate the onset of creep-deformation engineering significance. Typical materials...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003539
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... surfaces. Fig. 1 General features of fatigue fractures. Initiation of Fatigue Initiation of fatigue in common components made of commercial alloys occurs at—and is dominated by—material and geometric heterogeneities. Sites fostering fatigue crack initiation include inclusions, second phase...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006776
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... Initiation of Fatigue Initiation of fatigue in common components made of commercial alloys occurs at—and is dominated by—material and geometric heterogeneities. Sites fostering fatigue crack initiation include inclusions, second-phase particles, voids, machining marks and other surface flaws...