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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001387
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... Abstract Nickel anodes failed in several electrolysis cells in a heavy-water upgrading plant. Dismantling of a cell revealed gouging and the presence of loosely attached black porous masses on the anode. The carbon steel top, plate was severely corroded. An appreciable quantity of black powder...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001758
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... at carbides and other microconstituents, especially in single crystal castings that do not possess grain boundaries. gas turbine engine components creep deformation overheating nickel-base superalloy interdendritic stress-rupture fracture stress-rupture testing stress-rupture life Cast nickel...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001126
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... oxide and covered on the back surfaces with an adherent black polyethylene plastic. Macro fractography, SEM fractography, EDX analysis, and photo elasticimetry were conducted on four of the shattered panels. Small nickel sulfide inclusions were found at the failure origins. Failure of the panels...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001311
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... Abstract Several nickel-base superalloy (UNS N06600) welded heat-exchanger tubes used in processing black liquor in a kraft paper mill failed prematurely. Leaking occurred through the tube walls at levels near the bottom tube sheet. The tubes had been installed as replacements for type 304...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.usage.c0091756
EISBN: 978-1-62708-236-5
... Abstract An alloy IN-690 (N06690) incinerator liner approximately 0.8 mm (0.031 in.) thick failed after only 250 h of service burning solid waste. Investigation supported the conclusion that the root cause of the failure was overfiring during startup and sulfidation of the nickel-base alloy...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.marine.c9001617
EISBN: 978-1-62708-227-3
... Abstract Failures of various types of hydraulic couplings used to connect pipes in a naval vessel are described and used to illustrate some of the general procedures for failure analysis. Cracking of couplings, which were manufactured from nickel-aluminum- bronze extruded bar, occurred in both...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.steel.c0091757
EISBN: 978-1-62708-232-7
... to attack the nickel first and then the chromium to form their respective sulfides. Figure 2 shows the light yellow (light gray) nickel sulfide grains and the dark chromium sulfide grains in a bright chromium-depleted matrix. The accompanying energy-dispersive spectroscopy spectra ( Fig. 3 ) show...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c9001163
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
... causes flake-like spalling. Measures to prevent SCC include stress reduction, use of austenitic steels or nickel alloys not susceptible to grain boundary attack, use of ferritic chromium steels, surface slag removal, control of temperature and chloride concentration, and cathodic protection...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c9001177
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
... they are simultaneously subjected to tensile stresses. The cracks can propagate across the grains or along grain boundaries. All austenitic chromium-nickel alloys are susceptible to the type of transcrystalline stress corrosion observed in the present case. The susceptibility decreases with increasing stability...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.aero.c9001717
EISBN: 978-1-62708-217-4
... Material: 18% Nickel Maraging Steel per contractor specification, 2,068 Mpa (300,000 psi) Grade Strength: 1,931 Mpa (280,000 psi) UTS required per contractor specification 1,896 Mpa (275,000 psi) UTS required per contractor engineering drawing Treatment: Annealed at 816°C (1500°F) for 1 hour...
Book Chapter

By H. Jahed, M. Noban
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001852
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... Abstract A 2–3 mm thick electroformed nickel mold showed early cracking under thermal load cycles. To determine the root cause, investigators obtained monotonic and cyclic properties of electroformed nickel at various temperatures and identified possible fatigue mechanisms. With the help...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001839
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... sources of hydrogen are considered as are remedial measures for controlling hydrogen content in steels. steel coils delayed hydrogen cracking austenitic stainless steel grain facets stepwise microcracking inert gas fusion analysis stacking fault energy 0.1%C-14.7%Cr-9.3%Mo-0.2%Si (low nickel...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001809
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... Abstract A brackish water pump impeller was replaced after four years of service, while its predecessor lasted over 40 years. The subsequent failure investigation determined that the nickel-aluminum bronze impeller was not properly heat treated, which made the impeller susceptible to aluminum...
Image
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 4 Nickel plated 1095 steel pawl spring that fractured by fatigue. (a) Configuration and dimensions (given in inches) of the failed component. (b) Micrograph showing pits at edge of rivet hole. 45×. (c) Micrograph of area adjacent to rivet hole, showing delaminations (arrows) filled More
Image
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 7 Copper-nickel alloy heat-exchanger tubes that failed from denickelification due to attack by water and steam. (a) Etched section through a copper alloy C71000 tube showing dealloying (light areas) around the tube surfaces. Etched with NH 4 OH plus H 2 O. 3.7×. (b) Unetched section More
Image
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 43 SEM view of laboratory fatigue fracture of a 70-30 nickel-copper alloy showing mixed intergranular and transgranular morphology. Source: Ref 24 More
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 3 SEM image of fracture surface of nickel-base alloy (Inconel 751, annealed and aged) after stress rupture (730 °C, or 1350 °F; 380 MPa, or 55 ksi; 125 h). (a) Low-magnification view, with picture width shown at approximately 0.35 mm (0.0138 in.) from original magnification of 250×. (b More
Image
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 12 Logarithmic plot of stress-rupture stress versus rupture life for nickel-base alloy U-700 at 815 °C (1500 °F). The increasing slope of the curve to the right of the sigma break is caused by sigma-phase formation. More
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 33 Effect of nickel on SCC in 20.4% MgCl 2 deaerated with nitrogen. Source: Ref 26 More
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 45 Effect of presence of low-to-moderate concentrations of aluminum, nickel, tin, and zinc on time-to-fracture of copper by SCC under an applied tensile stress of 69 MPa (10 ksi) in a moist ammoniacal atmosphere. Composition of test atmosphere was 80% air, 16% ammonia, and 4% water vapor More