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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.aero.c9001717
EISBN: 978-1-62708-217-4
... Material: 18% Nickel Maraging Steel per contractor specification, 2,068 Mpa (300,000 psi) Grade Strength: 1,931 Mpa (280,000 psi) UTS required per contractor specification 1,896 Mpa (275,000 psi) UTS required per contractor engineering drawing Treatment: Annealed at 816°C (1500°F) for 1 hour...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.marine.c9001617
EISBN: 978-1-62708-227-3
... Abstract Failures of various types of hydraulic couplings used to connect pipes in a naval vessel are described and used to illustrate some of the general procedures for failure analysis. Cracking of couplings, which were manufactured from nickel-aluminum- bronze extruded bar, occurred in both...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.steel.c0091757
EISBN: 978-1-62708-232-7
... to attack the nickel first and then the chromium to form their respective sulfides. Figure 2 shows the light yellow (light gray) nickel sulfide grains and the dark chromium sulfide grains in a bright chromium-depleted matrix. The accompanying energy-dispersive spectroscopy spectra ( Fig. 3 ) show...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.usage.c0091756
EISBN: 978-1-62708-236-5
... Abstract An alloy IN-690 (N06690) incinerator liner approximately 0.8 mm (0.031 in.) thick failed after only 250 h of service burning solid waste. Investigation supported the conclusion that the root cause of the failure was overfiring during startup and sulfidation of the nickel-base alloy...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c9001163
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
... causes flake-like spalling. Measures to prevent SCC include stress reduction, use of austenitic steels or nickel alloys not susceptible to grain boundary attack, use of ferritic chromium steels, surface slag removal, control of temperature and chloride concentration, and cathodic protection...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c9001177
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
... they are simultaneously subjected to tensile stresses. The cracks can propagate across the grains or along grain boundaries. All austenitic chromium-nickel alloys are susceptible to the type of transcrystalline stress corrosion observed in the present case. The susceptibility decreases with increasing stability...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001852
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
...Elements in electroformed nickel, spectrum is shown in <xref rid="c9001852-f1" ref-type="fig">Fig. 1</xref> Table 1 Elements in electroformed nickel, spectrum is shown in Fig. 1 Element wt.% at.% C 3.75 15.99 Al 0.17 0.33 S 0.02 0.03 Ti –0.10 –0.11 Ni 96.15...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001809
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
...ICP chemical analysis results (wt.%) Table 1 ICP chemical analysis results (wt.%) Element C95800 ICP location #1 ICP location #2 Copper 79.0 min 81.5 Bal. Aluminum 8.5–9.5 8.36 9.6 Nickel a 4.0–5.0 3.88 4.2 Iron a 3.5–4.5 4.28 4.3 Manganese 0.8–1.5...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001839
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
...Chemical composition (in wt.%) of the defective coil sample of low nickel austenitic stainless steel received in form of customer complaint Table 1 Chemical composition (in wt.%) of the defective coil sample of low nickel austenitic stainless steel received in form of customer complaint...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001758
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... airfoil casting are shown in Fig. 13 . Over time, the internal voiding increases and begin to coalesce, forming the beginnings of an intergranular stress-rupture crack. Another common microstructural observation for stress-rupture events in nickel-based superalloy turbine airfoils is the partial...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001311
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... Abstract Several nickel-base superalloy (UNS N06600) welded heat-exchanger tubes used in processing black liquor in a kraft paper mill failed prematurely. Leaking occurred through the tube walls at levels near the bottom tube sheet. The tubes had been installed as replacements for type 304...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001387
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... Abstract Nickel anodes failed in several electrolysis cells in a heavy-water upgrading plant. Dismantling of a cell revealed gouging and the presence of loosely attached black porous masses on the anode. The carbon steel top, plate was severely corroded. An appreciable quantity of black powder...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001126
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... oxide and covered on the back surfaces with an adherent black polyethylene plastic. Macro fractography, SEM fractography, EDX analysis, and photo elasticimetry were conducted on four of the shattered panels. Small nickel sulfide inclusions were found at the failure origins. Failure of the panels...
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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 9 Stability diagrams for oxides and sulfides of iron, nickel, and chromium as a function of oxygen and sulfur partial pressures. Source: Ref 3 More
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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 1 Nickel-silver aerial plant fuses. (a) New exposed fuse. (b) Fuse that failed because of SCC More
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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 7 Nickel-depleted porous regions (light gray area with cracks) present at damaged surface of failed wear ring. More
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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 2 Microprobe: nickel distribution. 625 × More
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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 1 Sulfidation and chloridation attack on nickel alloy of charcoal-regeneration kiln. See also Fig. 2 . Region 1 is an area of chromium sulfide islands (dark phase) interspersed in chromium-depleted region (bright phase). Region 2 has angular phase (consisting mostly of nickel sulfide More
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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 2 Sulfidation and chloridation attack on nickel alloy of charcoal-regeneration kiln, with greater magnification (at ∼44×). Lower right is region of chromium sulfide islands (dark phase) interspersed in chromium-depleted region (bright phase). Middle region has angular phase (consisting More
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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 9 SEM of the fracture surface of the drain valve tip. (a) Nickel was found on the grain boundaries near the outer edge of the fracture surface. (b) Nickel was not observed in the center (near drain valve tip) of the fracture surface. Arrows indicate regions of cleavage fracture. More