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metal loss

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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 5 Metal tubes sectioned from tubesheet and those with severe metal loss (11 in. from tubesheet) are laid side-by-side. More
Image
Published: 01 December 1993
Fig. 3 SEM micrograph showing horseshoe pattern of metal loss on the inside surface of separator 1. 27.9× More
Image
Published: 01 December 1993
Fig. 4 SEM micrograph showing horseshoe pattern of metal loss on the inside surface of separator 2. 27.9× More
Image
Published: 01 December 1993
Fig. 5 SEM micrograph showing horseshoe pattern of metal loss on the inside surface of separator 3. 27.9× More
Image
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 4 Morphology of metal loss. Note penetration of tubes. More
Image
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 6 Typical tubes at the upper end of the vaporizer (minimal metal loss) More
Image
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 10 Morphology of metal loss. The tube shows ductile tearing. More
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001374
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... and seats. Visual examination revealed severe localized metal loss in the form of deep grooves with smooth and wavy surfaces. Metallographic analysis of the grooved areas revealed uniform metal loss. No evidence of intergranular or selective attack indicating erosion-corrosion was observed, Recommendations...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001107
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... Abstract A 150 mm (6 in.) diam, 1.6 mm (0.065 in.) thick alloy 800 1iner from an internal bypass line in a hydrogen reformer was removed from a waste heat boiler because of severe metal loss. Visual and metallographic examinations of the liner indicated severe metal wastage on the inner surface...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c9001699
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
... and inner surfaces of the pipe. Visual observations on the inner diametral surfaces revealed that the pipes were, in almost all cases, filled with corrosion products. A significant amount of base metal loss was documented in all of the samples. The cause of the observed corrosion was determined to be a lack...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001316
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... the last inspection, when they were removed from service because of significant sidewall metal loss. Applications The units separated steam and water in a multiple-fuel-fired boiler operating at 227,000 kg/h (500,000 lb./h) of steam team conditions were reported to be 6.2 MPa (900 psig) and 480 °C...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c9001604
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
..., delivered, and installed. The refurbished unit failed after operating for two weeks. Failure was due to perforation of the outer tubes approximately 28 cm up from the bottom tubesheet ( Fig. 4 ). Excessive metal loss caused penetration of the outer tube and allowed SO 2 to enter the feed water system...
Image
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 69 (a) Schematic representation of the production system. (b) Location of the pit plug and metal loss and transition of laminar fluid flow to turbulent flow More
Image
Published: 01 December 1993
Fig. 9 Longitudinal cross section through separator 1 adjacent to the opening. A crescent-shaped pattern of metal loss is evident on the inside diameter (top). Unetched. 62× More
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001325
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... the nominal wall thickness was 7.62 mm (0.300 in.) and the minimum allowable thickness under ASTM A-53 was 6.655 mm (0.262 in.). Fig. 4 Plane section of the cross-tee assembly showing the approximate location of the wall thickness measurements. Thus, the average metal loss for the 2-in. pipe...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006823
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... of the personnel conducting the assessment. API 579-1/ASME FFS-1, Part 4, “Assessment of General Metal Loss;” Part 5, “Assessment of Local Metal Loss;” and Part 6, “Assessment of Pitting Corrosion” provide guidance on how to address the loss of wall thickness due to corrosion. This article illustrates the use...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001331
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... dissolution. These reasons underlie the fact that metal loss was found only under the thick oxide scale. Hydrogen produced during the corrosion process easily diffuses into the steel as nascent hydrogen, resulting in localized decarborization. A product of the reaction of the hydrogen ions with iron...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c9001701
EISBN: 978-1-62708-219-8
... surfaces of the small diameter (1inch or 2.54 cms) steel pipes revealed the presence of severe tuberculation, typical result of exposure to soft waters passing through steel piping. The tubercles were strongly adherent to the surfaces of the pipe ( Figures 1 & 2 ). The base metal loss underneath...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c0091291
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
.... Boiler tubes Chealating Feedwater Carbon steel Uniform corrosion The carbon steel tubes shown in Fig. 1 have been corroded to paper thinness, revealing a lacelike pattern of total metal loss. These steel tubes are from a boiler feedwater heater feeding a deaerator. As part of the boiler-water...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c9001516
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
... Abstract This paper deals with disk drive failures that occur in the interface area between the head and disk. The failures often lead to the loss of stored data and are characterized by circumferential microscratches that are usually visible to the unaided eye. The recording media in disk...