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machining defects

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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 7 Geometry of notch machined into tensile specimen to simulate surface defect. More
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001804
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
.... The results of the study indicated that the screw failed due to fatigue fracture stemming from surface cracks generated by stress concentration likely caused by grooves left by improper machining. surgical screws fatigue fracture machining defects stainless steel cracking optical and scanning...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.matlhand.c0048102
EISBN: 978-1-62708-224-2
... the web surface. Fatigue cracking of the wheel was initiated at forging defects in the web. Replacement wheels were machined all over and were magnetic particle inspected to detect any cracks that could act as stress raisers. Cracks Defects Magnetic particle testing 1055 UNS G10550 Fatigue...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001761
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... material, in general, is within the range of the technical demand and no obvious forging or machining defects were found for all examined crankshafts. However, both the surface hardness and the general depth of the nitrided layer of the machined crankshafts were below the acceptable limits set...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c0046210
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... will not be this high. However, if it is feasible to machine the critical oil hole so that the defects are smaller than those that will propagate at this stress, then such an operation is clearly indicated, because any fatigue crack propagation problem could certainly be eliminated. In this case, the following values...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c0047161
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... Abstract Routine magnetic-particle inspection revealed crack indications in a number of shafts produced from hot-rolled 4130 steel bar. A pronounced indication of this size is cause for rejection if the defect is not eliminated during subsequent machining. A microstructural analysis...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.aero.c9001216
EISBN: 978-1-62708-217-4
.... The metallographic assessment of dimple defects will be described in the following. The specimens are made of clad aluminium sheet of alloy type Al Zn Mg Cu 1.5. Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the mode of operation of a dimpling machine and Fig. 2 a perfect dimple in aluminium sheet...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001541
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... Abstract A forging of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy, which formed a support for the cylinder of a cargo door, cracked at an attachment hole. Fluorescent penetrant inspection showed the crack ran above and below the hole out onto the machined flat surface of the flange. A 6500x electron fractograph...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.rail.c9001418
EISBN: 978-1-62708-231-0
... the defects entirely, the area being blended into the machined surface of the part with as generous a radius as possible, provided that small depressions can be accepted. With this particular crankshaft, the actual depth of the defect, as can be appreciated from Fig. 3 , would have been too great for action...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.auto.c0046182
EISBN: 978-1-62708-218-1
... Abstract A connecting cap from a truck engine fractured after 65,200 km (40,500 mi) of normal service. The cap was made from a 15B41 steel forging and was hardened to 29 to 35 HRC. Visual examination of the fracture surface disclosed an open forging defect across one of the outer corners...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001520
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... for a reheat treatment. For parts that cracked after pressure testing, excessive dimensional changes precluded the inclusion of a reheat treatment as a manufacturing step, and further failure was averted by carefully employing proper machining practices, avoiding abusive machining. Chromium plating...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.matlhand.c9001426
EISBN: 978-1-62708-224-2
... in service provided that the welds are free from serious defects, and this can only be ensured by careful initial setting of the machine and frequent checking of this, coupled with an inspection and testing procedure that is effective in preventing any defective chain going into service. Selected Reference...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001601
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... strength tubes from AISI 4130 steel. The investigation includes study of the various metallurgical and/or machine parameters likely to cause these problems. The common defects reported for flow forming of tubes are diametral growth, premature burst, buildup, fish scaling, and bell mouthing. 3 Other...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001074
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... the presence of defects. For each of the four castings, defects were identified at the location at which the failure had occurred. Fig. 2 Negative print of the radiograph of a machined casting (location of shrinkage cavity designated by arrow). Surface Examination Scanning Electron Microscopy...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001029
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... of the large-diameter longitudinal hole. The presence of a machined side hole (through which the crack had propagated) rendered this area mechanically weaker, causing the overload fracture to initiate because of the already present hot tear defects. Conclusion and Recommendations Both aluminum actuators...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006826
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
.... These defects may be deep enough to concentrate stresses and initiate fracture of the workpiece during aggressive machining passes. The built-up edge welded to the tip and cutting edge of the cutting tool during steady-state machining often breaks off and embeds in the workpiece surface when the cutting tool...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c0047830
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
..., the forgings were normalized, hardened and tempered to 28 to 32 HRC before being machined to increase fatigue strength and extremely rough surfaces were removed by careful grinding. Defects 4140 UNS G41400 Fatigue fracture Metalworking-related failures Textile-machine crankshafts like that shown...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001615
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... Abstract Carbon steel axle forgings were rejected due to internal cracks observed during final machining. To determine the cause of the cracks, the preforms of the forging were analyzed in detail at each stage of the forging. The analysis revealed a large central burst in the intermediate stage...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.marine.c9001429
EISBN: 978-1-62708-227-3
... to the vertical axis of the original ingot. The crankshaft had not been stress-relieved after a welding operation had been carried out. The only satisfactory course to follow when dealing with a highly stressed part in which defects of the type in question are revealed during machining is to scrap the forging...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.usage.c9001430
EISBN: 978-1-62708-236-5
... torsional fatigue. A second shaft carried as spare gear was fitted and failure took place in a similar manner in about the same period of time. Examination revealed that the tapered portion of the Fe-0.6C carbon steel shaft had been built up by welding prior to final machining. A detailed check...