Fig. 5 The evolution of engineering materials through history. PE, polyethylene; PMMA, polymethylmethacrylate; PC, polycarbonate; PS, polystyrene; PP, polypropylene; CFRP, carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic; GFRP, graphite-fiber-reinforced plastic; PSZ, partially stabilized zirconia. Source: Ref More

Fig. 13 Correlation of fatigue-striation patterns with the load history to estimate when a crack started in relation to the actual or predicted life of a part. (a) Cracked fitting. (b) and (c) Crack origin location. (d) Two distinct fatigue-striation patterns that were correlated to the load More

Fig. 5 The evolution of engineering materials through history. PE, polyethylene; PMMA, polymethylmethacrylate; PC, polycarbonate; PS, polystyrene; PP, polypropylene; CFRP, carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic; GFRP, graphite-fiber-reinforced plastic; PSZ, partially stabilized zirconia. Source: Ref More

Fig. 13 Correlation of fatigue-striation patterns with the load history, to estimate when a crack started, as it relates to the actual or predicted life of a part. (a) Cracked fitting. (b) and (c) Crack origin location. (d) Two distinct fatigue-striation patterns that were correlated More

Fig. 30 Example of rainflow cycle counting on an idealized strain history and subsequent cyclic stress-strain behavior. Adapted from Ref 6 More

Fig. 100 Operation history since 2009. CS, carbon steel; PWHT, postweld heat treat More

Fig. 15 Spin-pit crack growth history of bolt hole crack in disk 1 using idle-max-idle loading. More

Fig. 18 Spin-pitcrack growth history of bolt hole crack in disk 3 using variable-amplitude loading. More

Fig. 5 Time history of the maximum stress responding to the shock loading on the shaft More