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grain boundary segregation

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Image
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 8 Relationship between phosphorus grain boundary segregation and R.T. charpy energy. More
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001833
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... indicated that the boiler failure was caused by grain-boundary segregation of phosphorous, tin, and nitrogen and the in-service formation of carbide films and granules on the grain boundaries. steam chest fracture high-temperature oxidation chromium alloy steel grain boundary defects scanning...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c9001004
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... of grain boundary phosphorus segregation exhibited a good relationship with ambient temperature Charpy data. The electrochemical polarization kinetic reactivation, EPR, approach, however, proved disappointing in that the overlapping scatter in the minimum current density, Ir, for an embrittled and a non...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001775
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXA) indicated significant segregation of sulfur and chlorine along the grain boundaries. Failure was attributed to hypochlorous-acid (HClO)-induced stress-corrosion cracking (SCC). The HClO was formed by the reaction of HCl with atmospheric O 2 that entered the tube during...
Image
Published: 01 December 1993
Fig. 8 Micrograph of section of hardened case from rail flange. Microstructure is tempered martensite, as expected from specified heat treatment. Nital etch. Note that no anomalies, such as grain boundary segregation, are extant. 268× More
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001062
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... to a decrease in grain-boundary cohesion resulting from sulfur segregation. Addition of molybdenum proved effective in preventing cracking. The molybdenum promoted MnS precipitation in the grain and preferentially segregated to the interfaces. Brittle fracture Casting defects Castings Molybdenum...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003540
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... alterations. Grain boundaries are thus the preferential region for congregation and segregation of impurities. Weakening or embrittlement can also occur by preferential phase precipitation or absorption of environmental species in the grain boundaries. In addition, the grain-boundary regions are also weakened...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006777
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... cracking steam generator tubes INTERGRANULAR FRACTURE is decohesion that occurs along a grain boundary. Intergranular fracture is often associated with the presence of an embrittlement mechanism or the presence of precipitates and segregates at the grain boundary, which make the grain boundary...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001123
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... was different from that specified. The presence of excess aluminum and lead impurities that had segregated to the grain boundaries, coupled with an inadequate amount of magnesium, resulted in intergranular corrosion and subsequent intergranular failure. Corrosion was accelerated by storage in a humid...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001838
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
.... pipe hot cracking grain boundary segregation stainless steel tear ridges melt bridging microfractography induction heating frequency X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 (titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel) UNS S31635 Introduction Large austenitic stainless steel piping used for manifolds...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001308
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... with the specified material requirements. No material anomalies, such as segregation at the grain boundaries, were observed. Fig. 8 Micrograph of section of hardened case from rail flange. Microstructure is tempered martensite, as expected from specified heat treatment. Nital etch. Note that no anomalies...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001837
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
...–CrMoV steel is transgranular, but in this case, the fracture was found to be brittle intergranular which indicates that the grain boundaries were weakened due to some reason [ 5 ]. Main source of grain boundary weakening in low alloy steels is segregation of P, S, As, Sb, Sn, etc., to the prior...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001335
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
.... Discussion Many polycrystalline metals can become brittle and fail along grain boundaries when a low stress is applied. The brittleness has been attributed to intergranular weakness caused by the precipitation or segregation of impurities to grain boundaries. For example, Auger electron spectroscopy...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001253
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... spots in the fibrous fracture ( Fig. 2 ). Microscopic observation showed that the separations were short cracks that ran along the primary grain boundaries marked by ferrite and sulfide segregations ( Fig. 3 ). The formation of Such cracks is favored by segregations of various kinds 1 , 2 , 3...
Image
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 5 Villela-etched roll microstructure showing inhomogeneous carbide distribution in tempered martensite. (a) Carbide segregation at grain boundaries. (b) Massive carbide segregate with skeleton-like appearance. 500× More
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.med.c0048399
EISBN: 978-1-62708-226-6
... and had segregations in the microstructure and gas holes and precipitates in the grain boundaries ( Fig. 1c ). The nut was not specifically loaded and did not fail. The other broken pin was made from a cold-worked cobalt-chromium alloy. The grain boundaries contained few precipitates, but lines...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.steel.c9001535
EISBN: 978-1-62708-232-7
...×. It is clearly evident from Fig. 5 that the carbide segregations have occurred preferentially along grain boundary contours. The massive carbide network depicted in Fig. 5 reveals a skeleton-like morphology, presumably indicative of its eutectic origin, i.e., genesis at the ingot solidification stage...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003507
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... postforming processes Process Possible defects Electroplating Hydrogen embrittlement, galvanic corrosion Heat treatment Excessive grain growth, burning of grain boundaries, brittle structure, carburization, decarburization, quench cracks Electrolytic cleaning Pitting Surface hardening...
Image
Published: 01 December 1992
Fig. 3 Scanning electron micrograph showing lead segregation (indicated by arrows) at grain boundaries. More
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.steel.c9001255
EISBN: 978-1-62708-232-7
... responsible for the scaly fracture and the formation of primary grain boundary cracks. Fig. 7 Micro-shrinkage cavity with carbon segregation (ledeburite). Etched in picral. 50 × Fig. 8 Primary grain boundary with precipitates of ledeburite and secondary cementite. Etched in picral. 200...