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fracture appearance
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Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003537
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... Abstract This article provides an overview of fractography and explains how it is used in failure analysis. It reviews the basic types of fracture processes, namely, ductile, brittle, fatigue, and creep, principally in terms of fracture appearances, such as microstructure. The article also...
Abstract
This article provides an overview of fractography and explains how it is used in failure analysis. It reviews the basic types of fracture processes, namely, ductile, brittle, fatigue, and creep, principally in terms of fracture appearances, such as microstructure. The article also describes the general features of fatigue fractures in terms of crack initiation and fatigue crack propagation.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006774
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... (ductile, brittle, fatigue, and creep) are described briefly, principally in terms of fracture appearances. A description of the surface, structure, and behavior of each fracture process is also included. The article provides a framework from which a prospective analyst can begin to study the fracture...
Abstract
Engineering component and structure failures manifest through many mechanisms but are most often associated with fracture in one or more forms. This article introduces the subject of fractography and aspects of how it is used in failure analysis. The basic types of fracture processes (ductile, brittle, fatigue, and creep) are described briefly, principally in terms of fracture appearances. A description of the surface, structure, and behavior of each fracture process is also included. The article provides a framework from which a prospective analyst can begin to study the fracture of a component of interest in a failure investigation. Details on the mechanisms of deformation, brittle transgranular fracture, intergranular fracture, fatigue fracture, and environmentally affected fracture are also provided.
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003539
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... is not intended to provide a comprehensive atlas of fatigue fracture appearances. While these reference texts are of immense value, the experience of the fractographer remains an important aspect of good failure analysis. Fatigue Processes Fatigue has been defined as “the process of progressive localized...
Abstract
This article commences with a summary of fatigue processes and mechanisms. It focuses on fractography of fatigue. Characteristic fatigue fracture features that can be discerned visually or under low magnification are described. Typical microscopic features observed on structural metals are presented subsequently, followed by a brief discussion of fatigue in nonmetals. The article reviews the various macroscopic and microscopic features to characterize the history and growth rate of fatigue in metals. It concludes with a description of fatigue of polymers and composites.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006776
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... or hundreds of cycles, the microscale fracture surface appearance or morphology may be similar to monotonic ductile overload failures (i.e., microvoid coalescence or dimpled rupture). In general, the discussion of fatigue fracture appearance in this article does not apply to very-low-cycle fatigue failures...
Abstract
Fatigue failure of engineering components and structures results from progressive fracture caused by cyclic or fluctuating loads. Fatigue is an important potential cause of mechanical failure, because most engineering components or structures are or can be subjected to cyclic loads during their lifetime. This article focuses on fractography of fatigue. It provides an abbreviated summary of fatigue processes and mechanisms: fatigue crack initiation, fatigue crack propagation, and final fracture,. Characteristic fatigue fracture features that can be discerned visually or under low magnification are then described. Typical microscopic features observed on structural metals are presented subsequently, followed by a brief discussion on fatigue in polymers and polymer-matrix composites.
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in Failure Investigation of the Wind Turbine Blade Root Bolt
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
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in Failure Investigation of the Wind Turbine Blade Root Bolt
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
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in The Effects of Sulfide Inclusions on Mechanical Properties and Failures of Steel Components
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 1 Optical image of a typical woody fracture appearance of a resulfurized material in ductile overload on a plane parallel to the longitudinal direction
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in Hydrogen-Assisted Stress Cracking of Carburized and Zinc Plated SAE Grade 8 Wheel Studs
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 1993
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in Hydrogen-Assisted Stress Cracking of Carburized and Zinc Plated SAE Grade 8 Wheel Studs
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 1993
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in Internal Cracks in Cast Steel With 9% Ni for Cryogenic Applications
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 1992
Fig. 5 Change in fracture appearance with molybdenum content in three-point bending test specimen. The dark portion is the intergranular fracture (a) 0.01%Mo.(b) 0.21%Mo.
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in Condition Assessment and Improvement of a Steam Turbine Rotor
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 1992
Fig. 5 Typical “rock candy” fracture appearance with intergranular cracking exhibited by temper-embrittled materials. 136×.
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006775
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... Abstract This article focuses on characterizing the fracture-surface appearance at the microscale and contains some discussion on both crack nucleation and propagation mechanisms that cause the fracture appearance. It begins with a discussion on microscale models and mechanisms for deformation...
Abstract
This article focuses on characterizing the fracture-surface appearance at the microscale and contains some discussion on both crack nucleation and propagation mechanisms that cause the fracture appearance. It begins with a discussion on microscale models and mechanisms for deformation and fracture. Next, the mechanisms of void nucleation and void coalescence are briefly described. Macroscale and microscale appearances of ductile and brittle fracture are then discussed for various specimen geometries (smooth cylindrical and prismatic) and loading conditions (e.g., tension compression, bending, torsion). Finally, the factors influencing the appearance of a fracture surface and various imperfections or stress raisers are described, followed by a root-cause failure analysis case history to illustrate some of these fractography concepts.
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003538
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... Abstract This article provides a description of the microscale models and mechanisms for deformation and fracture. Macroscale and microscale appearances of ductile and brittle fracture are discussed for various specimen geometries and loading conditions. The article reviews the general...
Abstract
This article provides a description of the microscale models and mechanisms for deformation and fracture. Macroscale and microscale appearances of ductile and brittle fracture are discussed for various specimen geometries and loading conditions. The article reviews the general geometric factors and materials aspects that influence the stress-strain behavior and fracture of ductile metals. It highlights fractures arising from manufacturing imperfections and stress raisers. The article presents a root cause failure analysis case history to illustrate some of the fractography concepts.
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003542
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... this kind of postfracture damage more obvious. Fig. 4 Both halves of a silicon nitride bar broken in bending. The tensile surfaces are in contact with each other. The fracture origin appears to be a hole (pore) in the bottom piece, but the origin is really an inclusion, as seen on the top piece...
Abstract
Fractography is the means and methods for characterizing a fractured specimen or component. This includes the examination of fracture-exposed surfaces and the interpretation of the fracture markings as well as the examination and interpretation of crack patterns. This article describes the former of these two parts of fractography. It presents the techniques of fractography and explains fracture markings using glass and ceramic examples. The article also discusses the fracture modes in ceramics and provides examples of fracture origins.
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in Failure of Steel Rolling Mill Taper Bearing
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Steelmaking and Thermal Processing Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 2 One of the many fractured appeared after the ring had been dropped on a concrete floor. Markings typical of normal fatigue are easily visible. The fatigue cracks had extended all the way through to the inner diameter of the ring and only the two outermost regions of the section remained
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in The Effects of Sulfide Inclusions on Mechanical Properties and Failures of Steel Components
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 2 SEM image of one of the most common fracture appearances of resulfurized material. Ductile overload on a plane parallel to the rolling direction, resulting in a woody appearance at lower magnification
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in Failure Analysis of Gas Turbine Last Stage Bucket Made of Udimet 500 Superalloy
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Power Generating Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 7 Irregular appearance of the fracture surface of the third stage bucket trailing edge zone. The fracture appeared to have followed a transgranular path in this region.
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in Broken Milling Machine Arbors Made of 16 Mn Cr 5 E
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Machine Tools and Manufacturing Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
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in Fatigue Failure of a Diesel Engine Crankshaft
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Rail and Rolling Stock
Published: 01 June 2019
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in Fatigue Failure of a Diesel Engine Crankshaft
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Rail and Rolling Stock
Published: 01 June 2019
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