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fillet radius
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 10 Effect of size of fillet radius on stress concentration at a change in shaft diameter. See text for discussion.
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Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 20 Effect of size of fillet radius on stress concentration at a change in shaft diameter. See text for discussion
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in Cracking of Machined End Frame Steel Forgings After Heat Treatment
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Failure Modes and Mechanisms
Published: 01 June 2019
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c9001557
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
... Abstract A number of machined end frame steel forgings made of Cr-Si-Mn alloy showed tiny cracks during magnetic particle inspection after heat treatment. The cracks were mostly confined to base edges and fillet radius. No significant abnormality was observed in chemical composition...
Abstract
A number of machined end frame steel forgings made of Cr-Si-Mn alloy showed tiny cracks during magnetic particle inspection after heat treatment. The cracks were mostly confined to base edges and fillet radius. No significant abnormality was observed in chemical composition and microstructure. SEM, optical microscopy, and gas analysis revealed that the subsurface discontinuous cracks at the bore edges and in the fillet radius of the heat-treated end frame component had occurred due to hydrogen embrittlement, and not because of faulty heat treatment. This conclusion was supported by the presence of cracklike indications in machined bore surface of the annealed part.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.mech.c0046205
EISBN: 978-1-62708-225-9
... include redesign of the fillet radius to a minimum of 1.6 mm (0.06 in.) and a maximum surface finish in the spline area of 0.8 microns. Material for the shafts should be modified to a nickel alloy steel, heat treated to a hardness of 28 to 32 HRC before machining. Ductile brittle transition Shafts...
Abstract
The splined shaft (1040 steel, heat treated to a hardness of 44 to 46 HRC and a tensile strength of approximately 1448 MPa, or 210 ksi) from a front-end loader used in a salt-handling area broke after being in service approximately two weeks while operating at temperatures near -18 deg C (0 deg F). During the summer, similar shafts had a service life of 5 to eight months. Examination of the fracture surface showed brittle fatigue cracks, and visual examination of the splines disclosed heavy chatter marks at the root of the spline, with burrs and tears at the fillet area. Evidence found supports the conclusion that the shaft failed as the result of stress in the sharp fillets and rough surfaces at the root of the splines. Cold weather failure occurred sooner than in hot weather because ductile-to-brittle transition temperature of the 1040 steel shaft was too high. Recommendations include redesign of the fillet radius to a minimum of 1.6 mm (0.06 in.) and a maximum surface finish in the spline area of 0.8 microns. Material for the shafts should be modified to a nickel alloy steel, heat treated to a hardness of 28 to 32 HRC before machining.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.matlhand.c9001467
EISBN: 978-1-62708-224-2
.... The material was a mild steel in the normalized condition. The appearance of the fracture indicated failure was due to bending stresses. The absence of any fillet radius at the reduction in diam provided a region of stress concentration from which fatigue cracks developed. Diameter Hoists Radii Shafts...
Abstract
A shaft which carried the diverter sheave wheel of an electric goods lift failed, resulting in the cage failing to the bottom of the well. Failure had taken place at a reduction in diam at which no filet radius existed. Metallurgical examination did not disclose any abnormal features. The material was a mild steel in the normalized condition. The appearance of the fracture indicated failure was due to bending stresses. The absence of any fillet radius at the reduction in diam provided a region of stress concentration from which fatigue cracks developed.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.matlhand.c9001461
EISBN: 978-1-62708-224-2
... Abstract A hook, which was marked for a safe working load of 2 tons, failed while lifting a load of approximately 35 cwts. Fracture took place at the junction of the shank with the hook portion, at which no fillet radius existed. Except for an annular region round the periphery, which...
Abstract
A hook, which was marked for a safe working load of 2 tons, failed while lifting a load of approximately 35 cwts. Fracture took place at the junction of the shank with the hook portion, at which no fillet radius existed. Except for an annular region round the periphery, which was of a smooth texture, the fracture was brightly crystalline indicative of a brittle failure. Microscopic examination showed the material was a low-carbon steel in the normalized condition; no abnormal features were observed. The basic cause of failure was the presence of a fatigue crack at the change of section where the shank joined the hook portion. To minimize the possibility of fatigue cracking, it was recommended that a generous radius be provided at the change of section.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001788
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... for flat extrusion die and account for bearing length, fillet radius, temperature, and strain rate. They were shown to provide useful information for the analysis and prevention of die failures. extrusion die fatigue failure die design tool steel cracking fractography strain rate H13 (hot-work...
Abstract
Several failed dies were analyzed and the results were used to evaluate fatigue damage models that have been developed to predict die life and aid in design and process optimization. The dies used in the investigation were made of H13 steels and fractured during the hot extrusion of Al-6063 billet material. They were examined to identify critical fatigue failure locations, determine corresponding stresses and strains, and uncover correlations with process parameters, design features, and life cycle data. The fatigue damage models are based on Morrow’s stress and strain-life models for flat extrusion die and account for bearing length, fillet radius, temperature, and strain rate. They were shown to provide useful information for the analysis and prevention of die failures.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001794
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... propagation occurred on about 95% of the total cross section of the shaft, under both low-cycle and high-cycle fatigue mechanisms. It was found that the fillet radius at the fracture’s origin was smaller than the one provisioned by design. As a result, the stresses at this location exceeded the values used...
Abstract
The drive shaft in a marine propulsion system broke, stranding a large vessel along the Canadian seacoast. The shaft was made from quenched and tempered low-alloy steel. Fractographic investigation revealed that the shaft failed under low rotating-bending variable stress. Fatigue propagation occurred on about 95% of the total cross section of the shaft, under both low-cycle and high-cycle fatigue mechanisms. It was found that the fillet radius at the fracture’s origin was smaller than the one provisioned by design. As a result, the stresses at this location exceeded the values used in the design calculations, thus causing the initiation of the cracking. Moreover, although the shaft had been quenched and tempered, its actual hardness did not have the optimal value for long-term fatigue strength.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.conag.c9001466
EISBN: 978-1-62708-221-1
... arising from misalignment were responsible for the fatigue failure, which occurred in a region of stress concentration where insignificant fillet radius had been provided. Bend properties Gear boxes Hoists Stress concentration Alloy steel Fatigue fracture This shaft, which carried both...
Abstract
A shaft, which carried both a worm wheel and hoist barrel, fractured at a reduction in diameter adjacent to a mating gearbox. The appearance of the fracture was characteristic of a fatigue failure of a rotating shaft resulting from excessive bending stresses. Cracks of the fatigue type broke out all around the circumference at the change of section and progressed inwards. Microscopic examination of the material showed it to be an alloy steel in the hardened and tempered condition, with no abnormal features. It was considered that the bending stresses due to the deflection of the shaft arising from misalignment were responsible for the fatigue failure, which occurred in a region of stress concentration where insignificant fillet radius had been provided.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001289
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... Abstract The repeated occurrence of random cracks in the fillet radius portion of low-alloy steel (38KhA) end frame forgings following heat treatment was investigated. Microstructural analyses were carried out on both the failed part and disks of the rolled bar from which the part was made...
Abstract
The repeated occurrence of random cracks in the fillet radius portion of low-alloy steel (38KhA) end frame forgings following heat treatment was investigated. Microstructural analyses were carried out on both the failed part and disks of the rolled bar from which the part was made. Subsurface cracks were found to be zigzag and discontinuous as well as intergranular in nature. A mixed mode of fracture involving ductile and brittle flat facets was observed. Micropores and rod-shaped manganese sulfide inclusions were also noted. The material had a hydrogen content of 22 ppm, and cracking was attributed to hydrogen embrittlement. Measurement of hydrogen content in the raw material prior to fabrication was recommended. Careful control of acid pickling procedures for descaling of the hot-rolled bars was also deemed necessary.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001288
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... had failed in fatigue as a result of a high stress concentration in a sharp 0.6 mm (0.02 in.) radius fillet. Stress analysis and fracture mechanics predictions revealed that there was also danger of fatigue failure for platens with the design radius of 10 mm (0. 4 in.) if the press operates at 800...
Abstract
The side supporting flange of the bottom platen of an 800 ton hydraulic press fractured after 9 x 10's cycles under a maximum load of 530 tons. The platen material specified in the design was cast steel 52. Metallographic examination of the fracture surface indicated that the platen had failed in fatigue as a result of a high stress concentration in a sharp 0.6 mm (0.02 in.) radius fillet. Stress analysis and fracture mechanics predictions revealed that there was also danger of fatigue failure for platens with the design radius of 10 mm (0. 4 in.) if the press operates at 800 tons. It was recommended that the remaining life of similar presses be assessed periodically controlling the cracks, their dimensions, and their propagation rates. An increase in the radius of the fillet was also recommended.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.aero.c0048630
EISBN: 978-1-62708-217-4
... to finger-tightness, and the consequent wrench torquing caused the actual fractures. The very small radius of the fillet between the bolt head and the shank undoubtedly accentuated the embrittling effect of the hydrogen. To prevent reoccurrence, the cleaning and cadmium-plating procedures were stipulated...
Abstract
Two clevis-head self-retaining bolts used in the throttle-control linkage of a naval aircraft failed on the aircraft assembly line. Specifications required the bolts to be heat treated to a hardness of 39 to 45 HRC, followed by cleaning, cadmium electroplating, and baking to minimize hydrogen embrittlement. The bolts broke at the junction of the head and shank. The nuts were, theoretically, installed fingertight. The failure was attributed to hydrogen embrittlement that had not been satisfactorily alleviated by subsequent baking. The presence of burrs on the threads prevented assembly to finger-tightness, and the consequent wrench torquing caused the actual fractures. The very small radius of the fillet between the bolt head and the shank undoubtedly accentuated the embrittling effect of the hydrogen. To prevent reoccurrence, the cleaning and cadmium-plating procedures were stipulated to be low-hydrogen in nature, and an adequate post plating baking treatment at 205 deg C (400 deg F), in conformity with ASTM B 242, was specified. A minimum radius for the head-to-shank fillet was specified at 0.25 mm (0.010 in.). All threads were required to be free of burrs. A 10-day sustained-load test was specified for a sample quantity of bolts from each lot.
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in Fracture and Wear Failure of a Locomotive Turbocharger-Bearing Sleeve
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 9 Axial sectional microstructure of transition fillet region between the cylinder and the plate: ( a ) general view showing fillet radius and ( b ) microstructure
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in Fatigue Failure of Extrusion Dies: Effect of Process Parameters and Design Features on Die Life
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 8 Variation of die life cycles (number of billets extruded) with die bearing length ( a ) and die fillet radius ( b )
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 43 Micrograph of AISI 4142 steel as quenched and tempered. The microstructure is tempered martensite with quench cracking at the fillet radius. 100×; 3% nital etch. Source: Ref 27
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in Failure Analysis of Medical Devices
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 29 Optical microscopy image of part of the fracture surface of a bone fixation plate. Beach marks can be seen in the image emanating from the filleted radius at the top (medial side) of the fixation hole.
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in Failure Analysis of Medical Devices
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 30 Scanning electron microscopy image of fracture origin in a bone fixation plate. The black arrow indicates the origin of the fatigue fracture emanating from a filleted radius from one of the fixation holes.
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in Fatigue Failure of Extrusion Dies: Effect of Process Parameters and Design Features on Die Life
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.aero.c9001575
EISBN: 978-1-62708-217-4
..., the components were inspected under stereomicroscope. The main information gained from this first examination were: - driven gear relative to compartment 5 brg was found frozen with upper and lower spacers. Gear teeth side faces and fillet radius area showed thermal discoloration by the friction effect...
Abstract
An oil scavenge pump was found to have failed when a protective shear neck fractured during the start of a jet engine. Visual inspection revealed that the driven gear in one of the bearing compartments was frozen as was the corresponding drive gear. Spacer wear and thermal discoloration (particularly on the driven gear) were also observed. The gears were made from 32Cr-Mo-V13 steel, hardened and nitrided to 750 to 950 HV. Micrographic inspection of the gear teeth revealed microstructural changes that, in context, appear to be the result of friction heating. The spacers consist of Cu alloy (AMS4845) bushings force fit into AA2024-T3 Al alloy spacing elements. It was found that uncontrolled fit interference between the two components had led to Cu alloy overstress. Thermal cycling under operating conditions yielded the material. The dilation was directed inward to the shaft, however, because the bushing had only a few microns of clearance. The effect caused the oil to squeeze out, resulting in metal-to-metal contact, and ultimately failure.
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