Fig. 9 Low cycle fatigue test data. More

Fig. 13 Phosphor bronze (C51000) spring that failed prematurely during fatigue testing. Failure was due to the presence of a tool mark (indentation) at a bend. (a) Setup for fatigue testing, and detail of the spring showing location of crack at bend 2. (b) A broken end of the spring, 40 More

Fig. 31 Fracture surfaces of a torsional fatigue-test specimen. Courtesy of Greg Fett, Dana Corporation More

Fig. 1 Phosphor bronze (C51000) spring that failed prematurely during fatigue testing. Failure was due to the presence of a tool mark (indentation) at a bend. (a) Setup for fatigue testing, and detail of the spring showing location of crack at bend 2. (b) A broken end of the spring, 40 More

Fig. 40 Fracture surfaces of a torsional fatigue test specimen. Courtesy of G. Fett, Dana Corporation More

Fig. 6 Results of rolling contact fatigue test: ( a ) varies of friction coefficient with the test time,; and ( b ) FWHM along the radii of test samples) More

Fig. 1 Typical retaining rod subject to spectrum load fatigue testing, shown in the as-received condition. Failure of these rods occurred in the threads, indicated by the arrow. Reduced 75% More

Fig. 16 Carbon steel counterbalance spring that failed during fatigue testing. (a) Macrograph showing fracture locations (arrows). 1 3 ×. (b) Fracture surface showing dark band (arrow) that nucleated fracture. 6×. (c) Etch pits in surface. 100× More

Fig. 1 Carbon steel counterbalance spring that failed during fatigue testing. (a) Macrograph showing fracture locations (arrows). 1 3 ×. (b) Fracture surface showing dark band (arrow) that nucleated fracture. 6×. (c) Etch pits in surface. 100× More

Fig. 1 Laboratory-fatigue-tested cross member sample 1, showing cracking progression from internal fillet-welded diaphragm through channel side wall at location indicated by arrow. More

Fig. 4 Internal view of cracking on fatigue-tested sample 9. Cracking is evident at toes of both fillet welds, as indicated by arrows. More

Fig. 6 Fracture surface at fillet weld toe of fatigue-tested sample 9. The area denoted by “S” was removed for SEM examination, and a metallographic section was taken at location “M”. More

Fig. 7 Fracture surface at torque rod mounting hole on fatigue tested sample 9. More

Fig. 8 SEM image of fracture origin area at weld toe on fatigue tested sample 1. Ratchet mark at lower center is indicative of fatigue cracks initiating on different planes. 13×. More

Fig. 18 Results of rotating beam fatigue testing of impeller specimens (alternating stress versus cycles to failure). More

Fig. 5 Fatigue crack propagation test More

Fig. 8 Transgranular fatigue region on the exemplar test specimen subjected to cyclic applied loads. More

Fig. 25 Fatigue-fracture structures on wrought type ASTM F563 cobalt-alloy test specimens that fatigued in air. (a) Very fine fatigue striations are superimposed on crystallographically oriented fracture structures. 2480×. (b) Crystallographically oriented fracture morphology showing twin More

Fig. 26 Fatigue cracks in laboratory test specimens of (a) a steering knuckle made of ferritic ductile iron showing macroscopic features of a fatigue crack initiated at a sharp corner, and (b) a rotating bending fatigue specimen made of as-cast gray iron. Fatigue in this relatively brittle More

Fig. 26 Fatigue cracks in laboratory test specimens. (a) Steering knuckle made of ferritic ductile iron showing macroscopic features of a fatigue crack initiated at a sharp corner. (b) Rotating-bending fatigue specimen made of as-cast gray iron. Fatigue in this relatively brittle gray iron More