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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c9001571
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... and 1100°C for 10, 30 and 100 minutes. It was believed that the H-4 and M-11 locations experienced only low temperatures. These control specimens were polished, etched and compared to the TMI-2 boat specimens. Specimens were cut from the boat specimens and studied by the VIP members. In the USA...
Abstract
The accident at Three Mile Island Unit No. 2 on 28 March 1979 was the worst nuclear accident in US history. By Jan 1990, it was possible to electrochemically machine coupons from the lower head using a specially designed tool. The specimens contained the ER308L stainless steel cladding and the A533 Grade B plate material to a depth of about mid-wall. The microstructures of these specimens were compared to that of specimens cut from the Midland, Michigan reactor vessel, made from the same grade and thickness but never placed in service. These specimens were subjected to known thermal treatments between 800 and 1100 deg C for periods of 1 to 100 min. Microstructural parameters in the control specimens and in those from TMI-2 were quantified. Selective etchants were used to better discriminate desired microstructural features, particularly in the cladding. This report is a progress report on the quantification of changes in both the degree of carbide precipitation and delta ferrite content and shape in the cladding as a function of temperature and time to refine the estimates of the maximum temperatures experienced.
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in Screen Bars Destroyed by Intergranular Corrosion
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Chemical Processing Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
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in Effect of Prior Processing on the Performance of PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel Helicopter Components
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Air and Spacecraft
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 3 Light etching cold work layer noted at the surface of a representative “A” component. Note the uniformity of this layer. Vilella's reagent. Magnification 500×
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in Effect of Prior Processing on the Performance of PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel Helicopter Components
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Air and Spacecraft
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 4 Light etching cold work layer noted at the surface of a representative “C” component. This layer was nonuniform and discontinuous in areas. Vilella's reagent. Magnification 500×
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in “On-Load Corrosion” in Tubes of High Pressure Boilers
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Power Generating Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 29 Dark etching zone indicating extent of decarburised and fissured region of affected tube
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in Damaged Section of a Worm Drive
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Chemical Processing Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 3 Microstructure in the cracked zone revealed by etching with V2A pickle. 200 ×
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in Metallographic Studies of a Reformer Tube Failure Due to Thermal Fatigue
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Chemical Processing Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 5 The metallographic specimen, 40B 1 , after polishing and etching showing a general view of the cracks that grew from the outside of the collector to the interior together with others growing in the opposite direction. Note the repair weld applied without total removal of the external
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in Screen Bars Destroyed by Intergranular Corrosion
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Chemical Processing Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 9 Structure of corrosion-free region. Etching treatment: 50% aqueous solution of nitric acid, 2 V 3 min. 500 ×
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in Screen Bars Destroyed by Intergranular Corrosion
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Chemical Processing Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 10 Structure of corrosion-free region. Etching treatment: 10% aqueous solution of ammonia, 2 V 3 min. 500 ×
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in Screen Bars Destroyed by Intergranular Corrosion
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Chemical Processing Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 11 Structure of transition zone to region of intergranular corrosion. Etching treatment: 50% aqueous solution of nitric acid, 2 V 3 min. 100 ×
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in Leaky Derusting Vessel Made of 18/8 Steel
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Chemical Processing Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 5 As Fig. 4 ., after etching with V2A pickle, 200×
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in Weld Decay—an Example From Service
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Chemical Processing Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 5 Grain boundaries adjacent to pits shown by electrolytic etching (×100)
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in Failure Analysis of a Reduction Furnace Heat Resistant Roll
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Failure Modes and Mechanisms
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 3 Rolls 1 and 3 along with a roll received at a later date. Etching line reveals depth of attack by oxidation. Modified Murakami's etchant 3V, 20 s.
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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 3 Longitudinal section through a in Fig. 2 . Etching: picral. 25 ×.
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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 6 Micrograph near fracture surface. Etching: copper-ammonium-chloride (after Heyn). 1 ×
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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 7 Longitudinal section L —— L in Fig. 5 . Etching: copper-ammonium-chloride (after Heyn). 1 ×
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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 11 Longitudinal section through fracture. Etching: picral. Outside = above, inside = below. 3 ×
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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 14 Longitudinal section through fracture. Etching: copper-ammounium-chloride (after Heyn). 2 ×
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in Failure of Rockbolts in Underground Mines in Australia
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Construction, Mining, and Agricultural Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 12 Central region of section shown in Fig. 11 after etching in 2% Nital
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