Fig. 14 Light micrograph showing stain (arrows pointing up) from the etchant (Vilella's reagent) that seeped from the shrinkage gap (wide arrows pointing down) between the phenolic resin mount and the specimen of M2 high-speed steel More

Fig. 31 Slag in steel metal. (a) Oblong. Etchant, 2% nital. 165×. (b) Lamellar. Etchant, 2% nital. 165×. (c) Jagged irregular. Fatigue fractograph as-is. ∼15× More

Fig. 36 Pulsed GMAW spot weld showing a lack of fill-in. Etchant, 50% nitric-50% acetic acid. 4× More

Fig. 48 Micrograph of weld metal microcrack. Etchant, 2% nital. 215× More

Fig. 1 a Aluminum–silicon–bronze microstructure (etchant: alcoholic ferric chloride solution), b intergranular defect in aluminum–silicon–bronze microstructure. Vertical direction is longitudinal direction of bar More

Fig. 2 Nickel–aluminum–bronze microstructure (etchant: alcoholic ferric chloride solution). Horizontal direction is longitudinal direction of bar More

Fig. 6 SEM image revealed selective grain attack and dealloying, etchant: 45 mL nitric acid and 45 mL acetic acid. The aluminum concentration was significantly lower than in the bulk material in the area of grain attack More

Fig. 6 Course of crack in microstructure; etchant: copper ammonium chloride ammonium hydroxide. 100× More

Fig. 3 Longitudinal section s—s in Fig. 2 through a hard spot. Etchant: Nital. 10 × More

Fig. 4 Microstructure in the weldseam, longitudinal section. Etchant: Nital. 500 ×. Normal location. More

Fig. 5 Microstructure in the weldseam, longitudinal section. Etchant: Nital. 500 ×. Carburized locations. Hypo-eutectoid. More

Fig. 6 Microstructure in the weldseam, longitudinal section. Etchant: Nital. 500 ×. Carburized locations. Near-eutectoid. More

Fig. 7 Microstructure in the weldseam, longitudinal section. Etchant: Nital. 500 ×. Carburized locations. Hyper-eutectoid. More

Fig. 8 Microstructure in the weldseam, longitudinal section. Etchant: Nital. 500 ×. Carburized locations. Hypo-eutectic cast iron. More

Fig. 6 Light micrograph showing stain (arrows pointing up) from the etchant (Vilella’s reagent) that seeped from the shrinkage gap (wide arrows pointing down) between the phenolic resin mount and the specimen of M2 high-speed steel More

Fig. 1 Core structure of the wires. G. Cross sections, etchant: picral. 200 × More

Fig. 2 Cross sections, etchant: picral. 200 × Core structure of the wires. S1. More

Fig. 3 Cross sections, etchant: picral. 200 × Core structure of the wires. S2. More

Fig. 4 Cross sections, etchant: picral. 200 × Edge structure of the wires. S1. More

Fig. 5 Cross sections, etchant: picral. 200 × Edge structure of the wires. S2. More