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erosion damage
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 27 Erosion damage from the bore to just below the outside-diameter surface of an AISI H13 nozzle from a zinc die casting die. Actual size
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 28 Erosion damage and misaligned bore of the AISI H13 tool steel zinc die casting nozzle shown in Fig. 27 after longitudinal splitting. Actual size
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 50(a) Erosion damage from the bore to just below the outside-diameter surface of an AISI H13 nozzle from a zinc die-casting die. Actual size
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 50(b) Erosion damage and misaligned bore of the AISI H13 tool steel zinc die-casting nozzle shown in Fig. 50(a) after longitudinal splitting. Actual size
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Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 50 (a) Erosion damage from the bore to just below the outside-diameter surface of an AISI H13 nozzle from a zinc die-casting die. Actual size. (b) Erosion damage and misaligned bore of the nozzle after longitudinal splitting. Actual size
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Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 15 Solid-particle-erosion-damaged compressor blades (titanium alloy) from flight service. The white dashed lines indicate the approximate original contour of the airfoils. The leading edges are facing left, as shown. Note the greater extent of material loss at the trailing edges, where
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in Failure of Boilers and Related Equipment
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
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in Metallurgical Failure Analysis of Various Implant Materials Used in Orthopedic Applications
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001276
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... areas and the evidence of flow patterns indicated that the wall thinning and subsequent failure were caused by internal erosion damage. The exact cause of the erosion could not be determined by the appearance of the piping. Probable causes of the erosion include an excessively high velocity flow through...
Abstract
The carbon steel feedwater piping at a waste-to-energy plant was suffering from wall thinning and leaking after being in service for approximately six years. Metallographic examination of ring sections removed front the piping revealed a normal microstructure consisting of pearlite and ferrite. However, the internal surface on the thicker regions of the rings exhibited significant deposit buildup, where the thinned regions showed none. No significant corrosion or pitting was observed on either the internal or external surface of the piping. The lack of internal deposits on the affected areas and the evidence of flow patterns indicated that the wall thinning and subsequent failure were caused by internal erosion damage. The exact cause of the erosion could not be determined by the appearance of the piping. Probable causes of the erosion include an excessively high velocity flow through the piping, extremely turbulent flow, and/or intrusions (weld backing rings or weld bead protrusions) on the internal surface of the pipes. Increasing the pipe diameter and decreasing the intrusions on the internal surface would help to eliminate the problem.
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003570
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... Abstract Erosion of solid surfaces can be brought about solely by liquids in two ways: from damage induced by formation and subsequent collapse of voids or cavities within the liquid, and from high-velocity impacts between a solid surface and liquid droplets. The former process is called...
Abstract
Erosion of solid surfaces can be brought about solely by liquids in two ways: from damage induced by formation and subsequent collapse of voids or cavities within the liquid, and from high-velocity impacts between a solid surface and liquid droplets. The former process is called cavitation erosion and the latter is liquid-droplet erosion. This article emphasizes on manifestations of damage and ways to minimize or repair these types of liquid impact damage, with illustrations.
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 1 Examples of wear showing loss of material, changes in dimension, and changes in appearance. (a) Erosion damage on a butterfly valve component. (b) Fretting damage on a friction band. (c) Sliding wear on a cam follower
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Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003569
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... generally recognized; these are described in the following paragraphs. Wear particles produced by cavitation also can accelerate bearing damage. Suction Since most cases of suction erosion are found in the upper half of the main bearing, it is easy to imagine the damage mechanism with cyclic movement...
Abstract
This article considers two mechanisms of cavitation failure: those for ductile materials and those for brittle materials. It examines the different stages of cavitation erosion. The article explains various cavitation failures including cavitation in bearings, centrifugal pumps, and gearboxes. It provides information on the cavitation resistance of materials and other prevention parameters. The article describes two American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards for the evaluation of erosion and cavitation, namely, ASTM Standard G 32 and ASTM Standard G 73. It concludes with a discussion on correlations between laboratory results and service.
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 8 Processes by which a material is damaged by liquid impingement erosion. (a) Solid surface showing initial impact of a drop of liquid that produces circumferential cracks in the area of impact or produces shallow craters in very ductile materials. (b) High-velocity radial flow of liquid
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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 8 Processes by which a material is damaged by liquid impingement erosion. (a) Solid surface showing initial impact of a drop of liquid that produces circumferential cracks in the area of impact or produces shallow craters in very ductile materials. (b) High-velocity radial flow of liquid
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in Cavitation Erosion of a Water-Cooled Aluminum Alloy 6061-T6 Combustion Chamber
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Failure Modes and Mechanisms
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 1 Aluminum alloy 6061-T6 combustion chamber damaged by cavitation erosion. The chamber rotated in water at moderate speed. (a) Overall view of the chamber. (b) and (c) Micrographs of cross sections of the chamber wall showing typical cavitation damage. 100 and 500x, respectively
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in Liquid Erosion of Hydraulic Dynamometer Stator Vanes
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Failure Modes and Mechanisms
Published: 01 June 2019
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in Failure Analysis of Heat Exchangers
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 29 Different marks of erosion, corrosion, and pitting on severely damaged enameled heating element plate that has been thinned and pitted due to severe dewpoint and underdeposit pitting corrosion. The white arrows show the intact enamel layer. Source: Ref 10
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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001809
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... erosion damage inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy corrosion resistance ASTM B148 (nickel-aluminum bronze) UNS C95800 Background An impeller from a brackish water pump was removed from service after 4 years of use. The pump was a replacement for the original pump that lasted over 40 years...
Abstract
A brackish water pump impeller was replaced after four years of service, while its predecessor lasted over 40 years. The subsequent failure investigation determined that the nickel-aluminum bronze impeller was not properly heat treated, which made the impeller susceptible to aluminum dealloying. The dealloying corrosion was exacerbated by erosion because the pump was slightly oversized. The investigation recommended better heat treating procedures and closer evaluation to ensure that new pumps are properly sized.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006796
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... Abstract Erosion of a solid surface can be brought about by liquid droplet impingement (LDI), which is defined as "progressive loss of original material from a solid surface due to continued exposure to erosion by liquid droplets." In this article, the emphasis is placed on the damage mechanism...
Abstract
Erosion of a solid surface can be brought about by liquid droplet impingement (LDI), which is defined as "progressive loss of original material from a solid surface due to continued exposure to erosion by liquid droplets." In this article, the emphasis is placed on the damage mechanism of LDI erosion under the influence of a liquid film and surface roughness and on the prediction of LDI erosion. The fundamentals of LDI and processes involved in initiation of erosion are also discussed.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c9001143
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... of failure. Damage mechanisms which can act on the blades include fatigue, corrosion, erosion and thermal shock. There are also combinations of these damage mechanisms, such as corrosion fatigue, which possess unique characteristics that are different from the characteristics of the two main damage...
Abstract
The assignment of financial liability for turbine blade failures in steam turbines rests on the ability to determine the damage mechanism or mechanisms responsible for the failure. A discussion is presented outlining various items to look for in a post-turbine blade failure investigation. The discussion centers around the question of how to determine whether the failure was a fatigue induced failure, occurring in accordance with normal life cycle estimates, or whether outside influences could have initiated or hastened the failure.
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