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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c9001594
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... to detect a crack prior to the component leaking would involve frequent inspections at a given location and that the cost of the inspection program would far exceed the benefits of avoiding a leak. Instead, TU Electric locates these cracks by visually monitoring for leaks. Field experience with fatigue...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006913
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... where an electrical field is present, the dielectric breakdown property is an important factor. The dielectric strength of a material is, in many situations, the deciding factor in the nature of the system in which it is to be used. Results obtained using this test provide part of the information...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001443
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... Abstract Following the fusing of one of the copper leads in the choke circuit of an electric welder, a piece of the affected lead was obtained for examination. The sample had large internal cavities and surface bulges. It is remarkable that a wire containing defects of the magnitude present...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006769
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... a heated filament to produce electrons. These thermionic sources use tungsten or lanthanum hexaboride (LaB 6 ) as the filament material, with tungsten being less expensive and more robust, while LaB 6 is brighter and lasts longer. Scanning electron microscopes that use a strong electric field to remove...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003533
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... being less expensive and more robust while LaB 6 is brighter and lasts longer. Scanning electron microscopes that use a high electric field to remove electrons from a tungsten filament are termed cold-field-emission SEMs or high-resolution SEMs and have the highest resolution capabilities of all SEMs...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001120
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... Abstract A segment from a premium-quality H13 tool steel die for die casting of aluminum failed after only 700 shots. The segment was subjected to visual, macroscopic, hardness, and metallographic testing. The investigation revealed that failure occurred as a result of fatigue at an electrical...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001076
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... system at appropriate locations were recommended. Electrostatic fields Gas pipelines Static electricity Thrust bearings Turbogenerators Silver (Other, miscellaneous, or unspecified) failure Background The silver layer on a thrust bearing face in a power turbine experienced...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.usage.c0046242
EISBN: 978-1-62708-236-5
... for steel (for comparison, magnetic steels have a flux density of about 9000 G). A field test around the boiler-feed pump indicated virtually no electric forces that could induce magnetism in the gears. Therefore, the gear must have been magnetized before being put into service. A logical source...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c9001725
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
....) On the day of the failure, when the electrical load was lost and the rotating field oversped, the ring was subjected to a much higher stress than normal. It was calculated that during this period of overspeeding the stress in the retaining ring was about 35,000 psi. This is considerably lower than the yield...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c0089752
EISBN: 978-1-62708-219-8
...-fabricated in 12 m (40 ft) lengths, then shop welded into 24 m (80 ft) lengths. Field assembly was with bell-and-spigot joints. Investigation (visual inspection and Charpy V-notch testing) supported the conclusion that brittle fracture of the aqueduct pipe was attributed to a combination of stress...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c9001691
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
... low strength. When heat-treated for strength, AlCu 2 forms and the strength is increased. Over-heating during welding can sensitize these materials for corrosion. Manganese is the major alloying element of 3003. Tests Testing can be in a laboratory or a pilot-plant. Pilot-plant or field tests...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006788
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... controlled conditions, consistent with high corrosion rates seen in the field. Fig. 6 Electrical microbiologically influenced corrosion mechanism for sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) Not all microorganisms are capable of accepting electrons directly from the surface of conductive materials...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c9001661
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
.... The NDT inspections, evaluations, method of field metallography, analysis and conclusions are discussed with recommendations for corrective actions in the following report. Cracking (fracturing) Electric power generation Field metallography Plates (structural members) Welded joints 610Steel...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006827
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... at the assembly level. This article covers the properties of solder alloys and the corresponding intermetallic compounds. It includes the dominant failure modes introduced during the solder joint manufacturing process and in field-use applications. The corresponding failure mechanism and root-cause analysis...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c9001666
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... Abstract Stress-corrosion cracking of low-alloy steel turbine discs has emerged as a generic concern in nuclear generating stations. An investigation that made extensive use of field metallographic techniques to examine suspected cracking in such a component is described. The crack position...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.steel.c9001645
EISBN: 978-1-62708-232-7
... or multiple interactions among several factors. The important factors that contribute to premature service failure include improper fitting, inadequate lubrication, overloading, vibration, impact loading, debris ingress, contamination, high operating temperatures, and stray electrical fields. Bearings subject...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003556
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... intergranular pitting of 304L stainless steel condenser tubes in a geothermal electrical power plant operating at >100 °C (> 210 °F) has been reported ( Ref 16 ). In another example, microbiological activity and chloride concentrated under scale deposits were blamed for the wormhole pitting of carbon...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006822
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
.... If possible, a field investigation should be performed soon after the incident, and prior to any further analysis, to document the layout of the pipe in the ground, to gather field-specific information such as coating condition, and to gather samples of corrosion products (if present), samples of liquids...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006764
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... comparison with reference sample. Part edges complicate results, and a skilled operator is required. No fluid coupling required. Can adapt to high-speed production lines Metals only Potential drop Measures electrical resistance between/among probes contacting material surface Online monitoring...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0001820
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... penetration Electric welds (a) Upturned fiber cracks Weld-line inclusions Cold weld Excessive trim Contact burns Field weld defects Causes of service failures Defects in the pipe body Mechanical damage Environmental causes Corrosion (external or internal...