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effective stress
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in Failure Analysis of the Moderator Branch Pipe of a Pressurized Hot Water Reactor
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 1992
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in Fatigue Failure of Extrusion Dies: Effect of Process Parameters and Design Features on Die Life
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 3 Effective stress distribution obtained by Lee and Im [ 10 ]. ( a ) Validated results: maximum von Mises stress at critical location ( b )
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Published: 15 May 2022
Fig. 3 Effective modulus of a plastic when applied stress is intermittent. When stress is applied, plastic creeps. At zero stress, plastic recovers some creep strain.
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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001119
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... winding. It was concluded that failure initiation was caused by residual stress-driven stress-corrosion cracking, and it was recommended that the vendor provide more effective stress relief. Engine components Residual stress Spring steels Truck engines SAE J157 Stress-corrosion cracking...
Abstract
To samples of helical compression springs were returned to the manufacturer after failing in service well short of the component design life. Spring design specifications required conformance to SAE J157, “Oil Tempered Chromium Silicon Alloy Steel Wire and Springs.” Each spring was installed in a separate heavy truck engine in an application in which spring failure can cause total engine destruction. The springs were composed of chromium-silicon steel, with a hardness ranging from 50 to 54 HRC. Chemical composition and hardness were substantially within specification. Failure initiated from the spring inside coil surface. Examination of the fracture surface using scanning electron microscopy showed no evidence of fatigue. Final fracture occurred in torsion. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed high inner-diameter residual stresses, indicating inadequate stress relief from spring winding. It was concluded that failure initiation was caused by residual stress-driven stress-corrosion cracking, and it was recommended that the vendor provide more effective stress relief.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c0049797
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... cracking observed in this alloy was caused during heat treating as the thread root served as an effective stress concentration and induced quench cracking. It was found that fracture in the overload region occurred by a ductile void growth and coalescence process. Premature failure of the threaded rod...
Abstract
An AISI 4340 threaded steel connecting rod that was part of a connecting linkage used between a parachute and an instrumented drop test assembly fractured under high dynamic loading when the assembly was dropped from an airplane. A large flaw that originated from the root of a machined thread groove was visible on the fracture surface. Heavy oxidation at elevated temperatures was indicated as most of the surface of the flaw was black. Fine secondary cracks aligned transverse to the growth direction was revealed by scanning electron microscopy. It was established that intergranular cracking observed in this alloy was caused during heat treating as the thread root served as an effective stress concentration and induced quench cracking. It was found that fracture in the overload region occurred by a ductile void growth and coalescence process. Premature failure of the threaded rod was thus attributed to the presence of the quench crack flaw caused by an improper machining sequence and heat treatment practice.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.design.c0091538
EISBN: 978-1-62708-233-4
... was produced by stress corrosion as the combined result of: residual forming and service stresses; the concentration of tensile stress at outer square corners of the pierced slots; and preferential corrosive attack along the grain boundaries as a result of high humidity and occasional condensation of moisture...
Abstract
Electrical contact-finger retainers blanked and formed from annealed copper alloy C65500 (high-silicon bronze A) failed prematurely by cracking while in service in switchgear aboard seagoing vessels. In this service they were sheltered from the weather but subject to indirect exposure to the sea air. About 50% of the contact-finger retainers failed after five to eight months of service aboard ship. Investigation (visual inspection, 250x images etched with equal parts NH4OH and H2O2, emission spectrographic analysis, and stereoscopic views) supported the conclusion that the cracking was produced by stress corrosion as the combined result of: residual forming and service stresses; the concentration of tensile stress at outer square corners of the pierced slots; and preferential corrosive attack along the grain boundaries as a result of high humidity and occasional condensation of moisture containing a fairly high concentration of chlorides (seawater typically contains about 19,000 ppm of dissolved chlorides) and traces of ammonia. Recommendations included redesign of the slots, shot-blasting the formed retainers, and changing the material to a different type of silicon bronze-copper alloy C64700.
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 33 Effect of stress raisers on stress concentration and distribution of stress at several changes of form in components. (a) to (c) Progressive increases in stress with decreasing fillet radii. (d) to (f) Relative magnitude and distribution of stress resulting from uniform loading. (g
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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 42 Effect of stress raisers on stress concentration and distribution of stress at several changes of form in components. (a) to (c) Progressive increases in stress with decreasing fillet radii. (d) to (f) Relative magnitude and distribution of stress resulting from uniform loading. (g
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 2 Effect of mean stress on the alternating stress amplitude, as shown by the modified Goodman line, Gerber's parabola, and Soderberg line. See text for discussion.
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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 6 Effect of mean stress on the alternating stress amplitude, as shown by the modified Goodman line, Gerber’s parabola, and Soderberg line
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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 54 Plot showing the effect of initial tensile stress on stress-corrosion cracking time to fracture of brass in three corrosive environments at room temperature. Curve A: samples were partially immersed in concentrated ammonium hydroxide; B: samples were exposed to the vapor
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in Failures of Rolling-Element Bearings and Their Prevention
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 55 Schematic effect of an inclusion as a stress raiser on the Hertzian stress distribution (case of a line contact). Source: Ref 6
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 10 Effect of size of fillet radius on stress concentration at a change in shaft diameter. See text for discussion.
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 15 Effect of elevated-temperature exposure on stress-rupture behavior of (a) normalized and tempered 2Cr-1Mo steel and (b) annealed 9Cr-1Mo steel. Exposure prior to stress-rupture testing was at the indicated test temperatures (without stress) and was 10,000 h long for the 2Cr-1Mo steel
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Published: 01 January 2002
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 2 Effect of thin brittle film on stress-strain behavior of high density polyethylene. Source: Ref 16
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 43 Effect of initial tensile stress on time-to-fracture by SCC at room temperature of brass in three corrosive environments. Curve A, partly immersed in concentrated ammonium hydroxide; B, exposed to the vapor of concentrated ammonium hydroxide; C, exposed to a gaseous mixture of ammonia
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 6 Effect of nominal contact stress on relative abrasion rating of metallic wear materials. QT, quenched and tempered. Source: Ref 5
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 10 Spectrum load effects. (a) Load versus time. (b) Stress versus strain. (c) Stress versus time
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 23 Effect of thickness on state of stress and fracture toughness at the crack tip. Source: Ref 5
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