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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001852
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... remedies to prevent additional failures. molds thermal fatigue fracture dimensional constraints electroformed nickel cracking distortion finite element modeling thermal stress nickel (commercially pure nickel) Introduction Nickel electroforming is the process that involves growing...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006800
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... advanced high-performance computing and computer software. These methodologies permit modeling and simulation of very complex systems and problem solving with a large number of variables and constraints. Advanced computation tools can augment, but not usually completely replace, the standard theory...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003501
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... support areas), energy or material flows, and physical matings or other spatial requirements (e.g., certain spaces may be unavailable to the part). The types of dimensional features that are defined during configuration design may include ( Ref 4 ): Walls of various kinds, such as flat, curved...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006774
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... and aspects of how it is used in failure analysis. Fractography is the science of revealing loading conditions and environment that caused the fracture by a three-dimensional interpretation of the appearance of a broken component. If the specimen is reasonably well preserved, and if the analyst...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001601
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... forming Microstructure Surface finish 4130 UNS G41300 Metalworking-related failures Introduction Flow forming is a promising, economical metal forming technology that can meet the challenging requirements of high specific strength, close dimensional tolerances, and excellent surface finish...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006838
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... the modeling and prototyping of new designs of parts from designs developed in computer programs. Distributed computing and dedicated computation capability are critical in the AM process, because each AM machine needs to form the part digitally, transferring the three-dimensional (3D) computer model...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003537
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
.... The purpose of this article is to introduce the subject of fractography and how it is used in failure analysis. Fractography is the science of revealing loading conditions and environment that caused the fracture by a three-dimensional interpretation of the appearance of a broken component. If the specimen...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003530
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
...” in this Volume). This section describes the underlying fundamentals and the relevance and necessity of performing proper stress analysis in conducting a failure analysis. Both plane stress and plane strain are explored, and instances in which seemingly appropriate two-dimensional (2D) analyses lead...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003538
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... conditions together with the constraint introduced by the presence of the imperfection (i.e., the stress-intensity, or K , field) Metallurgical structure These factors are described in the section “Fractures at or near Stress Raisers,” which is then followed by a root-cause failure analysis case...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006775
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... conditions together with the constraint introduced by the presence of the imperfection (i.e., the stress-intensity, or K , field) Metallurgical structure These factors are described later in this article, followed by a root-cause failure analysis case history to illustrate some...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001340
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... rapid tube wall stretching Fig. 4 Cross-section through tube 4. Note the pronounced ovality of the fireside compared to the semicircular cross section. of the coldside. Procedure and Results To evaluate the damage to the boiler tubes, dimensional measurements were taken to quantify...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003502
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
..., for which solutions will be sought A set of requirements and constraints against which to evaluate the proposed solutions The first is termed a problem statement , or definition of the problem , while the second is termed a specification , a target specification , or more correctly a design...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001845
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... between the bolt and bore. The preload in a bolt often has a significant effect on deflections and stresses [ 6 , 7 ]. In this work, a three-dimensional finite-element analysis model was set up. A schematic diagram of the steady clamp is presented in Fig. 6a . Figure 6b exhibits the finite-element...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006767
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... and plane strain are explored, and instances in which seemingly appropriate two-dimensional analyses lead to erroneous results are presented. Three-dimensional stress transformations are discussed, and a procedure to obtain the principal stresses and associated directions as well as the maximum shear...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.steel.c9001598
EISBN: 978-1-62708-232-7
.... Dimensional and Metallurgical Evaluation Metallography was performed on the drain tube. Three samples were sectioned from the drain tube, 1) near the exit, 2) halfway down the tube just below the holes, and 3) near the conical section of the melter. The section containing the holes was examined using...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006835
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... operations and sheet-forming operations. The general distinction here is that bulk working imposes material flow in all directions, while sheet-forming operations are typically limited to two-dimensional deformation. Metalworking operations are also classified as either primary metalworking (where mill forms...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003526
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... and analyses tend to be simplified as much as possible through the use of two-dimensional (2-D) analyses, symmetry, linearity, and steady-state conditions. As computing power increased, so did the complexity of finite element modeling and analysis techniques. The first analyses and elements available were...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006773
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... to moderately complex degrees-of-freedom problems). As the result of increased computing capability, more and more problems are solved with accurate details, and full-scale three-dimensional FEA has become very much the norm in the majority of problems (as opposed to spending considerable amounts of time...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006922
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... of their greater viscosity, but the resulting part is typically more dimensionally stable. While semi-crystalline materials are more effective at filling the mold, their dimensional stability is not as reliable due to the shrinkage created by their structure. Survive in the Intended Environment One...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006768
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... increased tilt range where the ψ tilt range is limited due to sample geometry constraints. However, when using the modified χ (or side-inclination) geometry, errors may be introduced due to the ψ angle offset and therefore should only be used when the specimen geometry eliminates the preferred methods (i.e...