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cyclic hoop stress

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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001822
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... of fatigue striations all supported transit fatigue as the damage mechanism. spiral welded pipe fracture transit fatigue HSLA steel longitudinal crack magnetic particle testing cyclic hoop stress API 5L-X65 (high-strength low-alloy plate steel) Introduction A newly installed pipeline...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.conag.c0090908
EISBN: 978-1-62708-221-1
... Abstract An irrigation pipe made of medium-density PE failed during service. This pipe was subjected to severe cyclic-bending strain of the order of 6% while under tensile stress of approximately 6.9 MPa (1000 psi) and a hoop stress of approximately 6.2 MPa (900 psi), far more stringent...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c9001724
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
... “hoop” load when in operation, arising from a combination of stresses which will be discussed later, so it is very desirable that the rather soft and yielding austenitic steel be hardened and strengthened — and this can be done only by cold working (actually, warm working). For such a large ring...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.petrol.c9001137
EISBN: 978-1-62708-228-0
... questions were of particular concern: (i) whether there was any evidence of fatigue or whether the crack growth was purely of an SCC nature? (ii) if there was evidence of fatigue what was the cyclic stress amplitude? (iii) an estimate of the critical flaw size (from a fracture mechanics standpoint)? and (iv...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c9001692
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... (rated output) and 1000 kW (peak design condition). The preload considered is the design value, together with a fatigue strength reduction factor (K f ) of four (4), in consideration of the stress concentration at the threads of the bolts. As designed, all cyclic load conditions fall within the “safe...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001305
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... The hardness of the wheel rim was 265 to 268 HB, which met the requirements for class A wheels and was consistent with the observed chemistry and microstructure. Discussion Cyclic tensile stresses induced in the wheel flange were high enough to cause fatigue initiation and progression. On subsequent...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001056
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... thickness. Nevertheless, such a thermal shock effect is of particular concern in a stationary regime, because stresses produced by this effect reinforce stresses resulting from fluctuations of stratified layers. These pseudoelastic stresses, which also included hoop stresses caused by pressure through...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006921
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... in transparency Creep-rupture from constant load (creep) Odor development Chemical or environmental stress cracking (ESC) Loss of adhesion Loss of mechanical seal (stress-relaxation) Shrinkage/warpage Cracking from cyclic loading (fatigue) Once the type of failure needing to be assessed...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006819
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
..., and pressure-retaining equipment. Metal fatigue is characterized as a complicated metallurgical process that is cycle-dependent and in which failure of a component occurs due to repeated or cyclic loading, which creates cyclic stresses. Cyclic stresses can result from mechanical loading (applied loading...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003546
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... important is the maximum principal stress that occurs in approximately the hoop direction. Therefore, only the hoop stress is considered in the analysis. Since most of the passageway cracks found in the casing were indeed along the radial-axial plane, the choice of the hoop stress seems appropriate...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001789
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... initiation concerns were ruled out since the union nuts experience minimal cyclic loading because of the fact that the systems maintain pressure at all times other than scheduled maintenance, which occurs approximately once every 18–24 months [ 5 ]. The lack of significant cyclic stress is substantiated...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c9001593
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
... cycle fatigue associated with cyclic temperature changes from normal service. The design of the part and the material selection were significant contributing factors because of stresses induced during molding, physical aging of the amorphous polysulfone resin, and the substantial differential...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c9001526
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... SA-335, Grade P22. No evidence was found of a material discrepancy that would have caused or contributed to the cracking. The cracking in the west superheater outlet header was caused by thermal fatigue in conjunction with hoop stresses associated with the normal operation of the unit ( Fig. 4...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001842
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... steel heat affected zone metallurgical notch ring test cyclic bending stress fatigue limit ASTM A106 (seamless carbon steel pipe) UNS K02501 Introduction The fractured part of concern is a long, slender roll that was located in the dryer section of a paper manufacturing machine. Paper...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006781
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... diffusion In the most general case of out-of-phase TMF loading, the slip-band density would be modified to incorporate cyclic plasticity, the destructive interference of the oxidation damage mechanism, as well as the constructive interference of the hydrostatic stress, as follows: (Eq 24) i = K...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0001820
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... thicknesses are based on the pressure in the line and on the allowable hoop stress levels. The allowable stress levels for gas pipelines vary from 40 to 72% of the specified minimum yield strength based on the population density in the area of the pipeline and are regulated by the U.S. Department...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006822
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... ( Ref 3 ). The primary stresses in pipelines are quantified using Barlow’s formula ( Ref 4 ), which calculates the hoop stress in the pipe. Hoop stress is given by multiplying the pipe internal pressure by the pipe outer diameter and dividing that product by twice the pipe-wall thickness. The maximum...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006768
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... corrosion) Experience cyclic loading in service (mechanical or thermal fatigue) May have been subject to improper processing on manufacture (shot peening, grinding, milling, etc.) May have been subject to inappropriate heat treatment (stress relief, induction hardening, service temperature, thermal...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006774
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... a broader engineering failure. Note that some non-fracture-failure scenarios may ultimately lead to fracture. Wear processes, for example, can ultimately lead to fracture by galling and/or fretting fatigue. Other examples include fatigue crack initiation at surface pits from corrosion, cyclic loading...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003537
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... crack initiation at surface pits from corrosion, cyclic loading in a corrosive environment ( stress-corrosion fatigue ) and elastic buckling. Elastic buckling may cause parts to contact, causing seizure of a rotating system, but it may also lead to plastic buckling and ultimately to fracture...