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copper contamination

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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001836
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
..., investigators concluded the pipe was contaminated with copper at the mill were it was produced. line pipe cracks copper contamination high-strength low-alloy pipe steel copper entrapment SEM backscattered electron analysis bend ductility API 5L X65 PSL2 (high-strength low-alloy steel...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.rail.c9001665
EISBN: 978-1-62708-231-0
... electron microscopy, EDXA, and x-ray mapping were used to study the steel in the vicinity of this part of the fracture surface. It was found to be contaminated with copper. Debye-Scherrer x-ray diffraction patterns obtained from the scale showed that it consisted of magnetite and hematite. It was concluded...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003554
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... of Type 304L stainless steel when the weld area had been contaminated with copper particles is reported. This reference also discusses cracking at tube-to-sheet welds due to copper contamination from adjacent tooling. The cracks were demonstrated to be from copper penetration along grain boundaries...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c9001700
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... Abstract A straight-tube cooler type heat exchanger had been in service for about ten years serving a coal pulverizer in Georgia. Non-potable cooling water from a local lake passed through the inner surfaces of the copper tubing and was cooling the hot oil that surrounded the outer diametral...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006786
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... Reference 24 reports HAZ cracking at butt welds in thin sheets of type 304L stainless steel when the weld area had been contaminated with copper particles. This reference also discusses cracking at tube-to-sheet welds due to copper contamination from adjacent tooling. The cracks were demonstrated...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001493
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
..., however, a discontinuity in the copper plating was observed in the plated through hole at U15-3 causing an electrically open circuit, Figures 1(a) and (b) . Localized thin or discontinuous copper plating in a plated through hole was due to presence of contaminants or air bubbles in the hole during...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c0091699
EISBN: 978-1-62708-219-8
.... Such features are characteristic of stress-corrosion cracking in a copper heat exchanger tube. The crack path is shown in Fig. 1(c) . The service contractor responsible for maintaining the absorption unit suspected that mercury contamination from a manometer was the cause of the stress-corrosion cracking...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0001809
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... and presents the steps for failure analysis of sliding bearings. It also reviews the factors responsible for bearing failure with examples. aluminum alloys babbitts bronze contaminants copper-lead bearing alloys elasto-hydrodynamics failure analysis fluid-film lubrication grooves load-carrying...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001335
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... to be contamination occurring in the casting process that became concentrated in the recycled skimmings. It was recommended that future material specifications for skimmings and for externally obtained scrap copper include a trace analysis for tellurium. Cupronickel Embrittlement Segregations Tellurium...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001629
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... of typical discolored parts are detailed in Table 2 , with the spectra shown in Fig. 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 . Because very low levels of contaminants were present in the discolored regions, EDS analysis was able to reveal only small amounts of carbon and oxygen in those areas, in addition to the copper...
Image
Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 5 A backscattered electron image showing surface contamination of a failed copper bourdon tube in a pressure regulator allows for targeted chemical analysis of the contamination. 23×, 20 kV accelerating voltage. Courtesy of C. Wright, NASA More
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c0045926
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... Abstract A batch of bimetal foil/epoxy laminates was rejected because of poor peel strength. The laminates were manufactured by sintering a nickel/phosphorus powder layer to a copper foil, cleaning, then chromate conversion coating the nickel-phosphorus surface, and laminating the nickel...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.chem.c0048702
EISBN: 978-1-62708-220-4
... as primarily copper sulfide, with zinc and aluminum sulfides while the green deposit was revealed to be copper chloride. The combination of sulfide and chloride attack on the tubes was concluded to have resulted in the failure. Injection of ferrous sulfate upstream of the condenser which could aid...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0001822
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
.... In a subsequent study ( Ref 41 ), the Gleeble high strain rate hot-tensile test machine was used to determine the influence of temperature, atmosphere, stress, grain size, strain rate, and amount of copper on LME of iron- and cobalt-base superalloys. A copper contamination of only 0.08-mm (0.003-in.) thickness...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006806
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... provides an overview of bearing materials, and then presents the various lubrication mechanisms: hydrostatic, hydrodynamic, boundary lubrication, elastohydrodynamic, and squeeze-film lubrication. The article describes the effect of debris and contaminant particles in bearings. The steps involved in failure...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001772
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... appeared to have originally been one single metallic detail before the fins had corroded away ( Fig. 1 ). The edges of the fins had a reddish copper color in them ( Fig. 2 ). The internal surfaces showed a directionality of corrosion typical of erosion due to the mechanical flow of the stream through...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c9001628
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
... that the discoloration on the cylinder was associated with metal oxidation products coated with a thin oil film. One of the recommendations was to plate the OD of the cylinder with hard chromium to increase its resistance to erosion. Another recommendation was to reduce the amounts of water contamination...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001336
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... quality-control personnel per ASTM A380, “The Copper Sulfate Test” (section 7.2.5.3). No hardness or tensile specifications were cited. Specimen Selection Several pipe flange assemblies were submitted for analysis—both unused and used, and both old and new. Visual Examination of General Physical...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001132
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
...) and an unused 1991 “demo” unit—were examined. Figure 1 shows the components of the as-received units. Fig. 1 As-received components of the demo and failed units. Visual Examination of General Physical Features No evidence of tampering with the heads was detected. The chrome-plated copper cups...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006759
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... the brass could be analyzed by EDS. 23×, 20 kV accelerating voltage. Courtesy of C. Wright, NASA Fig. 5 A backscattered electron image showing surface contamination of a failed copper bourdon tube in a pressure regulator allows for targeted chemical analysis of the contamination. 23×, 20 kV...