Fig. 20 Erosion rate of metallic coatings (frequency = 20 kHz; distance between specimen and vibration horn = 1 mm; vibration amplitude = 50 μm; temperature = 25 °C; liquid: 3% NaCl aqueous solution). Source: Ref 38 More

Fig. 15 Schematic of coating delamination process for cermet and ceramic coatings More

Fig. 16 Comparison between metals and ceramic coatings fretted against an alumina ball for similar lading conditions. HSS, high-strength steel. Adapted from Ref 42 More

Fig. 22 Mechanisms against biofouling. (a) Antifouling coatings create an inhospitable environment for marine creatures to attach to the surface. (b) Fouling-release coatings facilitate removal of marine creatures from the surface. More

Fig. 28 Coating life diagram calculated using computer program COATLIFE. The diagram shows the protective and failed regimes of MCrAlY-coated GTD-111 blade More

Fig. 20 Affect of accelerating voltage on imaging. Sample is gold-coated ZnS powders imaged using (a) 25 kV and (b) 5 kV. Note enhanced surface information at 5 kV. Both 20,000× More

Fig. 67 Effect of clay coating on cooling curves of steel test specimen quenched into still water at 30 °C (86 °F). Test specimen, JIS S45C steel cylinder (10 mm, or 0.40 in., diam × 30 mm, or 1.2 in., long) More

Fig. 48 Artifacts generated by improper platinum sputter coating of a 4.6 mm (0.18 in.) diameter polycarbonate rotating beam fatigue specimen. This SEM view shows a pattern in the coating reminiscent of “mud-cracking.” More

Fig. 3 Coating-initiated TMF cracks propagating into the substrate material of a thin-walled blade. Courtesy of Ashok Koul, Life Prediction Technologies, Inc. More

Fig. 11 FeS/SRB corrosion under disbonded polyolefin tape coating on a buried pipeline in a wet anaerobic location shows soft, black corrosion products rich in iron sulfides overlying severe pitting More

Fig. 12 Adhesive delamination in thermally sprayed Al 2 O 3 coating More

Fig. 13 Cohesive delamination in thermally sprayed WC-Co coating (backscattered electron image) More

Fig. 16 Bulk deformation failure of WC-Co coating, indicating cracks in the middle of the wear track and substrate migration at the edge of the wear track More

Fig. 18 Spalling of thermally sprayed WC-Co coating More

Fig. 20 Influence of normalized coating thickness on the performance of HVOF coating on 440C steel substrate (σ = 1840 MPa, or 267 ksi) More

Fig. 19 Schematic diagram of a typical indentation formed in a ceramic coating under repetitive impact loading showing different failure zones. Source: Ref 35 More

Fig. 2 (a) A magnetite coating on hot rolled sheet, with fresh rust breaking through; (b) Hot rolled surface, about 60% covered with fresh rust; (c) Hot rolled steel, with all the original magnetite lost. Rust is beginning to darken where arrowed, to form hematite. More

Fig. 40 Quantification of coating durability under fretting wear (analysis of a MoS 2 solid lubricant). (a) Coating failure ( N c ) when the substrate is reached (friction discontinuity), with evolution as a function of sliding amplitude (δ S ). (b) Quantification of N c as a function More

Fig. 21 Schematic diagram of a typical indentation formed in a ceramic coating under repetitive impact loading showing different failure zones. Source: Ref 47 More

Fig. 20 Effect of accelerating voltage on imaging. Sample is gold-coated ZnS powders imaged using (a) 25 and (b) 5 kV. Note enhanced surface information at 5 kV. Original magnification of both: 20,000× More