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cladding
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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001840
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... Abstract Explosive cladding is a viable method for cladding different materials together, but the complicated behavior of materials under ballistic impacts raises the probability of interfacial shear failure. To better understand the relationship between impact energy and interfacial shear...
Abstract
Explosive cladding is a viable method for cladding different materials together, but the complicated behavior of materials under ballistic impacts raises the probability of interfacial shear failure. To better understand the relationship between impact energy and interfacial shear, investigators conducted an extensive study on the shear strength of explosively cladded Inconel 625 and plain carbon steel samples. They found that by increasing impact energy, the adhesion strength of the resulting cladding can be improved. Beyond a certain point, however, additional impact energy reduces shear strength significantly, causing the cladding process to fail. The findings reveal the decisive role of plastic strain localization and the associated development of microcracks in cladding failures. An attempt is thus made to determine the optimum cladding parameters for the materials of interest.
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in Failure of an Inconel Clad Carbon Steel Inlet Cone of the Pandia Digester
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Pulp and Paper Processing Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 2 Erosion/corrosion cavities in the Inconel cladding at the steam impingement area.
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in Failure of an Inconel Clad Carbon Steel Inlet Cone of the Pandia Digester
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Pulp and Paper Processing Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 4 Intergranular corrosion at the cavities in the Inconel cladding. Magnification 100×
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in Failure of an Inconel Clad Carbon Steel Inlet Cone of the Pandia Digester
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Pulp and Paper Processing Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 5 SCC in the carbon steel base metal and Inconel cladding (arrows). Magnification 2×
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in Thermal Exposure Assessment by Quantitative Microscopy and Selective Etching
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Power Generating Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 4 Volume fraction of delta ferrite in the cladding of the Midland control specimens.
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in Thermal Exposure Assessment by Quantitative Microscopy and Selective Etching
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Power Generating Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 5 Mean free path in the delta ferrite in the cladding of the Midland control specimens.
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in Thermal Exposure Assessment by Quantitative Microscopy and Selective Etching
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Power Generating Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 6 Form (shape) factors of isolated delta ferrite in the cladding of the Midland control specimens.
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in Thermal Exposure Assessment by Quantitative Microscopy and Selective Etching
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Power Generating Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 7 Carbide volume fractions in the cladding of the Midland control specimens.
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in The Corrosion of Aluminum-Clad Nuclear Fuel in Wet Basin Storage
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Power Generating Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 7 Morphology of a shallow pit and undercutting of the cladding.
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in Assessment of Damage to Structures and Equipment Resulting from Explosion, Fire, and Heat Events
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 15 Example of melted aluminum cladding on an insulated vessel. Aluminum melts at 657 °C (1215 °F), which places the areas of melting in heat exposure zone V.
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in The Role of Impact Energy in Failure of Explosive Cladding of Inconel 625 and Steel
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 1 The schematic view of parallel setup for explosive cladding of plates
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in The Role of Impact Energy in Failure of Explosive Cladding of Inconel 625 and Steel
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 3 ( a ) The prepared set up for explosive cladding. ( b ), ( c ) The utilized explosion chamber
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in The Role of Impact Energy in Failure of Explosive Cladding of Inconel 625 and Steel
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 7 Microstructure of steel ASTM A517 before explosive cladding
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in Failure of a Type 317L Stainless Steel Clad Bottom Cone of an Acid Sulfite Pulping Batch Digester
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 1992
Fig. 3 Clad surface of the unaffected segment showed light etching. The cladding thickness was intact.
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in Failure of a Type 317L Stainless Steel Clad Bottom Cone of an Acid Sulfite Pulping Batch Digester
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 1992
Fig. 4 Disintegration of stainless steel cladding from TGSCC, resulting in exposure of carbon steel base metal and hemispherical corrosion pits.
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in Failure of a Type 317L Stainless Steel Clad Bottom Cone of an Acid Sulfite Pulping Batch Digester
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 1992
Fig. 5 Unaffected cladding with minor etching approximately one grain deep. No TGSCC was found.
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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c9001695
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... Abstract Large quantities of aluminum-clad spent nuclear materials have been in interim storage in the fuel storage basins at The Savannah River Site while awaiting processing since 1989. This extended storage as a result of a moratorium on processing resulted in corrosion of the aluminum clad...
Abstract
Large quantities of aluminum-clad spent nuclear materials have been in interim storage in the fuel storage basins at The Savannah River Site while awaiting processing since 1989. This extended storage as a result of a moratorium on processing resulted in corrosion of the aluminum clad. Examinations of this fuel and other data from a corrosion surveillance program in the water basins have provided basic insight into the corrosion process and have resulted in improvements in the storage facilities and basin operations. Since these improvements were implemented, there has been no new initiation of pitting observed since 1993. This paper describes the corrosion of spent fuel and the metallographic examination of Mark 31A target slugs removed from the K-basin storage pool after 5 years of storage. It discusses the SRS Corrosion Surveillance Program and the improvements made to the storage facilities which have mitigated new corrosion in the basins.
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in Failure of an Inconel Clad Carbon Steel Inlet Cone of the Pandia Digester
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Pulp and Paper Processing Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 1 Inconel clad carbon steel inlet cone from the Pandia digester.
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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.pulp.c9001563
EISBN: 978-1-62708-230-3
... Abstract An Inconel-clad SA-212 Grade B carbon steel inlet cone with an anticipated 25-year service life failed in a localized area after only seven years of service. The failure was caused by an erosion/corrosion leak at the midsection. Erosion/corrosion was confined to a localized area...
Abstract
An Inconel-clad SA-212 Grade B carbon steel inlet cone with an anticipated 25-year service life failed in a localized area after only seven years of service. The failure was caused by an erosion/corrosion leak at the midsection. Erosion/corrosion was confined to a localized area directly facing the steam inlet nozzle. The Inconel cladding was intact elsewhere in the inlet cone with insignificant corrosion-related degradation. In the absence of the conditions that led to erosion/corrosion, the Inconel clad carbon steel was considered adequate for the intended service. As a corrective measure, a solid Inconel liner was recommended in the areas of direct steam impingement.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c9001571
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... Abstract The accident at Three Mile Island Unit No. 2 on 28 March 1979 was the worst nuclear accident in US history. By Jan 1990, it was possible to electrochemically machine coupons from the lower head using a specially designed tool. The specimens contained the ER308L stainless steel cladding...
Abstract
The accident at Three Mile Island Unit No. 2 on 28 March 1979 was the worst nuclear accident in US history. By Jan 1990, it was possible to electrochemically machine coupons from the lower head using a specially designed tool. The specimens contained the ER308L stainless steel cladding and the A533 Grade B plate material to a depth of about mid-wall. The microstructures of these specimens were compared to that of specimens cut from the Midland, Michigan reactor vessel, made from the same grade and thickness but never placed in service. These specimens were subjected to known thermal treatments between 800 and 1100 deg C for periods of 1 to 100 min. Microstructural parameters in the control specimens and in those from TMI-2 were quantified. Selective etchants were used to better discriminate desired microstructural features, particularly in the cladding. This report is a progress report on the quantification of changes in both the degree of carbide precipitation and delta ferrite content and shape in the cladding as a function of temperature and time to refine the estimates of the maximum temperatures experienced.
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