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Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003564
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... Abstract Rolling-contact fatigue (RCF) is a surface damage process due to the repeated application of stresses when the surfaces of two bodies roll on each other. This article briefly describes the various surface cracks caused by manufacturing processing faults or blunt impact loads on ceramic...
Abstract
Rolling-contact fatigue (RCF) is a surface damage process due to the repeated application of stresses when the surfaces of two bodies roll on each other. This article briefly describes the various surface cracks caused by manufacturing processing faults or blunt impact loads on ceramic balls surfaces. It discusses the propagation of fatigue cracks involved in rolling contacts. The characteristics of various types of RCF test machines are summarized. The article concludes with a discussion on the various failure modes of silicon nitride in rolling contact. These include the spalling fatigue failure, the delamination failure, and the rolling-contact wear.
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003542
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... the former of these two parts of fractography. It presents the techniques of fractography and explains fracture markings using glass and ceramic examples. The article also discusses the fracture modes in ceramics and provides examples of fracture origins. ceramics crack pattern fractography fracture...
Abstract
Fractography is the means and methods for characterizing a fractured specimen or component. This includes the examination of fracture-exposed surfaces and the interpretation of the fracture markings as well as the examination and interpretation of crack patterns. This article describes the former of these two parts of fractography. It presents the techniques of fractography and explains fracture markings using glass and ceramic examples. The article also discusses the fracture modes in ceramics and provides examples of fracture origins.
Book Chapter
Corrosion Failures of Industrial Refractories and Technical Ceramics
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003551
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... Abstract This article provides a discussion on the structural ceramics used in gas turbine components, the automotive and aerospace industries, or as heat exchangers in various segments of the chemical and power generation industries. It covers the fundamental aspects of chemical corrosion...
Abstract
This article provides a discussion on the structural ceramics used in gas turbine components, the automotive and aerospace industries, or as heat exchangers in various segments of the chemical and power generation industries. It covers the fundamental aspects of chemical corrosion and describes the corrosion resistance characteristics of specific classes of refractories and structural ceramics. The article also examines the prevention strategies that minimize corrosion failures of both classes of materials.
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Erosion rate of ceramics with different grain size (frequency = 20 kHz; dis...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 19 Erosion rate of ceramics with different grain size (frequency = 20 kHz; distance between specimen and vibration horn = 1 mm; vibration amplitude = 50 μm; temperature = 25 °C; liquid: ion-exchanged water). Source: Ref 37
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Examples of strength-limiting defects in ceramics. (a) Silicon inclusion in...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 29 Examples of strength-limiting defects in ceramics. (a) Silicon inclusion in reaction-bonded silicon nitride. (b) Powder agglomerate in sintered silicon carbide. (c) Machining damage in hot pressed silicon nitride. SEM; picture widths (a) ∼150 μm. (b) ∼300 μm, (c) ∼150 μm. Source: Ref
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Effect of abrasive hardness on wear behavior of metals and ceramics. Source...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 5 Effect of abrasive hardness on wear behavior of metals and ceramics. Source: Ref 7
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Effect of abrasive hardness on wear behavior of metals and ceramics. Source...
Available to PurchasePublished: 15 January 2021
Fig. 5 Effect of abrasive hardness on wear behavior of metals and ceramics. Source: Ref 7
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Rolling-contact fatigue failure modes of thermal spray cermet and ceramic c...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 10 Rolling-contact fatigue failure modes of thermal spray cermet and ceramic coatings. Source: Ref 84
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 15 Schematic of coating delamination process for cermet and ceramic coatings
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Typical crack defects found on ceramic ball surfaces under ultraviolet ligh...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 1 Typical crack defects found on ceramic ball surfaces under ultraviolet light. (a) Star defect. (b) Pressing defect. (c) Single ring crack. (d) Double ring cracks
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Surface damage resulting from ceramic-steel contact (scanning electron micr...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 12 Surface damage resulting from ceramic-steel contact (scanning electron microscope micrographs). (a) Lateral-crack spall. (b) Radial-crack propagation and delamination. (c) and (d) Ceramic-ceramic contact at high Hertz contact pressure
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Schematic diagram of a typical indentation formed in a ceramic coating unde...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 19 Schematic diagram of a typical indentation formed in a ceramic coating under repetitive impact loading showing different failure zones. Source: Ref 35
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Good edge retention obtained in a cast epoxy mount containing soft ceramic ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 15 Good edge retention obtained in a cast epoxy mount containing soft ceramic shot filler. (Note the round particles in the epoxy at the top.) The specimen is annealed H13 hot work die steel, and it was etched with picral.
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Comparison between metals and ceramic coatings fretted against an alumina b...
Available to PurchasePublished: 15 January 2021
Fig. 16 Comparison between metals and ceramic coatings fretted against an alumina ball for similar lading conditions. HSS, high-strength steel. Adapted from Ref 42
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Schematic diagram of a typical indentation formed in a ceramic coating unde...
Available to PurchasePublished: 15 January 2021
Fig. 21 Schematic diagram of a typical indentation formed in a ceramic coating under repetitive impact loading showing different failure zones. Source: Ref 47
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Image
Good edge retention obtained in a cast epoxy mount containing soft ceramic ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 15 January 2021
Fig. 7 Good edge retention obtained in a cast epoxy mount containing soft ceramic shot filler (round particles in the epoxy at the top.) The specimen is annealed H13 hot work die steel etched with picral.
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Book Chapter
Metallurgical Examinations of a Fragmented Blank Firing Adapter and Associated Components from an M-16 Rifle
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.usage.c9001663
EISBN: 978-1-62708-236-5
... adapter and subsequent injury to a member of the security personnel (Knoxville, TN. News-Sentinel, August 19, 1983). Metals and Ceramics Division personnel were asked to assist in investigating this explosion by applying microscopy and other metallurgical procedures to determine the cause...
Abstract
Personnel responsible for laboratory protection at some plants are required to participate in exercises simulating a breach of security at the site. This document reports a metallurgical investigation of blank firing adapters (BFA), one of which exploded during such a training exercise. Determination of the cause of the explosion was the primary objective of the examination. Metallographic studies included the examination of BFAs fabricated from two different types of alloys that were tested for shock reaction. Optical microscopy supported by electron microscopy and analytical methods were used. Our investigation supports the supposition that a live round of ammunition was inadvertently fired.
Book Chapter
Failure of 17-4 PH Stainless Steel Bolts on a Titan Space Launch Vehicle
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.mech.c9001727
EISBN: 978-1-62708-225-9
Abstract
Several stainless steel bolts used on a Titan Space Launch Vehicle broke at the shank and failure was attributed to stress-corrosion cracking. But results could not be duplicated in the laboratory with salt-solution immersion tests until the real culprit was established: the secondary effect of galvanic coupling, hydrogen embrittlement.
Book Chapter
Impact Wear Failures
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006793
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... situations, the bodies tend to be large and contact in a well-defined location in a controlled way, unlike erosion where the eroding particles are small and interact randomly with the target surface. This article describes some generic features and modes of impact wear of metals, ceramics, and polymers...
Abstract
Impact or percussive wear is defined as the wear of a solid surface that is due to percussion, which is a repetitive exposure to dynamic contact by another body. Impact wear, however, has many analogies to the field of erosive wear. The main difference is that, in impact wear situations, the bodies tend to be large and contact in a well-defined location in a controlled way, unlike erosion where the eroding particles are small and interact randomly with the target surface. This article describes some generic features and modes of impact wear of metals, ceramics, and polymers. It discusses the processes involved in testing and modeling of impact wear, and includes two case studies.
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003565
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... Abstract This article discusses the generic features of impact wear on metals, ceramics, and polymers. It describes normal impact wear and compound impact wear, as well as the features of impact wear testing apparatus such as ballistic impact wear apparatus and pivotal hammer impact wear...
Abstract
This article discusses the generic features of impact wear on metals, ceramics, and polymers. It describes normal impact wear and compound impact wear, as well as the features of impact wear testing apparatus such as ballistic impact wear apparatus and pivotal hammer impact wear apparatus. Most mechanical components continue to be functional beyond the zero wear limit, and their usefulness is normally connected with the loss of a specific depth of material. The article reviews the zero impact wear model and some measurable impact wear models. It presents a case study illustrating the impact of wear failure on automotive engine inlet valves and seat inserts.
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