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Cassio Barbosa, Simone Kessler de Barros, Ibrahim de Cerqueira Abud, Joneo Lopes do Nascimento, Sheyla Santana de Carvalho
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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001433
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... Abstract On attempting to manipulate or bend a boiler tube some 22 ft. long, sudden failure occurred at what appeared to be a butt weld in the tube. Externally, the weld reinforcement had been ground flush and the entire tube surface painted. Internally, the appearance and width of the heated...
Abstract
On attempting to manipulate or bend a boiler tube some 22 ft. long, sudden failure occurred at what appeared to be a butt weld in the tube. Externally, the weld reinforcement had been ground flush and the entire tube surface painted. Internally, the appearance and width of the heated band suggested that the weld had been made by the oxy-gas process. A lack of root fusion over most of its length was evident. Examination of the fracture faces, which were of crystalline appearance indicative of brittle behavior, indicated incomplete fusion of the weld root. Microscopic examination showed the deposit to possess a large grain size with a low carbon content disposed as carbides along the grain boundaries, a feature which would provide an explanation of the brittle behavior. Subsequent inspection showed that this tube was one of several of the batch ordered for retubing of a boiler and which had a 2 ft. length welded to one end to make up the length.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001194
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... Abstract A seamless hot-drawn boiler tube NW 300 of 318 mm OD and 9 mm wall thickness made of steel 15Mo3 was bent with sand filling after preheating allegedly to 1000 deg C. In the process it had cracked repeatedly in the drawn fiber. The composition corresponded to specifications...
Abstract
A seamless hot-drawn boiler tube NW 300 of 318 mm OD and 9 mm wall thickness made of steel 15Mo3 was bent with sand filling after preheating allegedly to 1000 deg C. In the process it had cracked repeatedly in the drawn fiber. The composition corresponded to specifications, but exceptionally high copper content was noticeable. Microstructural examination showed the damage was due to overheating and burning during preheating and bending. Furthermore, crack formation was promoted by precipitation of metallic copper that had penetrated into the austenitic grain boundaries under the influence of tensile stresses that arose during bending. This phenomenon is known as “solder brittleness.”
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001791
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
...Comparison between the chemical composition of the boiler tube steel and the one specified by ASTM A 192-02 standard Table 1 Comparison between the chemical composition of the boiler tube steel and the one specified by ASTM A 192-02 standard Elements Chemical composition boiler tube...
Abstract
A pipe in the lateral wall of a boiler powering an aircraft carrier flat-top boat failed during a test at sea. The pipe was made from ASTM 192 steel, an adequate material for the application. Microstructural analysis along with equipment operating records provided valuable insight into what caused the pipe to rupture. Although the pipe had been replaced just 50 h before the accident, the analysis revealed incrustations and corrosion pits on the inner walls and oxidation on the outer walls. Microstructural changes were also observed, indicating that the steel was exposed to high temperatures. The combined effect of pitting, incrustations, and phase transformations caused the pipe to rupture.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001739
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... Abstract The rear wall tube section of a boiler that had been in service for approximately 38 years was removed and examined. Visual examination of the tube revealed a small bulge with a through-wall crack. Metallography showed that the microstructure of the bulged area consisted of a few...
Abstract
The rear wall tube section of a boiler that had been in service for approximately 38 years was removed and examined. Visual examination of the tube revealed a small bulge with a through-wall crack. Metallography showed that the microstructure of the bulged area consisted of a few partially decarburized pearlite colonies in a ferrite matrix. The microstructure remote from the bulged area consisted of pearlite in a ferrite matrix. EDS analysis of internal deposits on the tube detected a major amount of iron, plus trace amounts of other elements. The evidence indicated that the bulge and crack in the tube resulted from hydrogen damage. Examination of the remaining water circuit boiler tubing using nondestructive techniques and elimination of any heavy deposit buildup was recommended.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001321
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... Abstract Tube failures occurred in quick succession in two boiler units from a bank of six boilers in a refinery. The failures were confined to the SAE 192 carbon steel horizontal support tubes of the superheater pack. In both cases, the failure was by perforation adjacent to the welded fin...
Abstract
Tube failures occurred in quick succession in two boiler units from a bank of six boilers in a refinery. The failures were confined to the SAE 192 carbon steel horizontal support tubes of the superheater pack. In both cases, the failure was by perforation adjacent to the welded fin on the crown of the top tubes and located in an area near the upward bend of the tube. The inside of all the tubes were covered with a loosely adherent, black, alkaline, powdery deposit comprised mainly of magnetite. The corroded areas, however, had relatively less deposit. The morphology of the corrosion damage was typical of alkaline corrosion and confirmed that the boiler tubes failed as a result of steam blanketing that concentrated phosphate salts. The severe alkaline conditions developed most probably because of the decomposition of trisodium phosphate, which was used as a water treatment chemical for the boiler feed water.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001322
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... Abstract A failed SAE-192 carbon steel tube from a 6.2-MPa (900-psig), 200-Mg/h (180-ton/h) capacity refinery boiler was analyzed to determine its failure mode. Optical and SEM examination results were combined with knowledge of the boiler operating conditions to conclude that the failure...
Abstract
A failed SAE-192 carbon steel tube from a 6.2-MPa (900-psig), 200-Mg/h (180-ton/h) capacity refinery boiler was analyzed to determine its failure mode. Optical and SEM examination results were combined with knowledge of the boiler operating conditions to conclude that the failure was hydrogen-induced. The hydrogen was probably generated by the steam-iron reaction. The source of steam on the flue gas side could be traced to a cracked fillet weld in the boiler The failure mode was unusual in that the attack was found to originate from the flue gas side of the tube rather than the steam side.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001826
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... oil and B–C oil firing Composition of riser boiler tube material Table 2 Composition of riser boiler tube material Parameters, % Material composition C Si Mn P S Standard composition of SA 210 A1 ≤0.27 ≤0.10 ≤0.93 ≤0.035 ≤0.035 Actual material composition...
Abstract
A back wall riser tube in a high pressure boiler failed, interrupting operations in a cogeneration plant. The failure occurred in a tube facing the furnace, causing eight ruptured openings over a 1.8 m section. The investigation consisted of an on-site visual inspection, nondestructive testing, energy dispersive x-ray analysis, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The tube was made from SA 210A1 carbon steel that had been compromised by wall thinning and the accumulation of fire and water-side scale deposits. Investigators determined that the tube failed due to prolonged caustic attack that led to ruptures in areas of high stress. The escaping steam eroded the outer surface of the tube causing heavy loss of metal around the rupture points.
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in A Case of Caustic Cracking at a Tube Expansion
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Power Generating Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
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in Local Perforation of Boiler Tubes
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Power Generating Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
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in “On-Load Corrosion” in Tubes of High Pressure Boilers
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Power Generating Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
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in “On-Load Corrosion” in Tubes of High Pressure Boilers
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Power Generating Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
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in Rupture of a Carbon Steel Tube Because of Hydrogen-Induced Cracking and Decarburization
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Power Generating Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
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in Failure of a Welded Boiler Tube During a Bending Operation
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Processing Errors and Defects
Published: 01 June 2019
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Published: 01 December 2019
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in Caustic Corrosion Failure of Back Wall Riser Tube in a High-Pressure Boiler
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 1 Photograph of riser boiler tube in as received condition. Punch marks marked as 5, 6, and 7 on the side facing the furnace can be seen
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in Caustic Corrosion Failure of Back Wall Riser Tube in a High-Pressure Boiler
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
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in Caustic Corrosion Failure of Back Wall Riser Tube in a High-Pressure Boiler
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
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in Failure of Boilers and Related Equipment
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
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in Failure of Boilers and Related Equipment
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 8 Microstructure of a carbon steel boiler tube subjected to prolonged overheating below Ac 1 showing (a) decomposition of pearlite into ferrite and spheroidal carbides (original magnification: 400×) and (b) spheroidization of carbide and grain-boundary voids characteristic of tertiary
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in Failure of Boilers and Related Equipment
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021