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bent tube

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Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 1 The bent tube that failed during service. Cracking appeared in the missing part of the tube (upper left corner). More
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001775
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... Abstract A bent Ni-Cu Monel 400 alloy tube, which operated as part of a pipeline in a petrochemical distillery, failed by through-thickness cracking. The pipeline was used to carry a stream of gaseous hydrocarbons containing hydrochloric acid (HCl) into a reaction tower. The tower provided...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c0047080
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... Abstract Several of the aluminum alloy 6061-T6 drawn seamless tubes (ASTM B 234, 2.5 cm (1.0 in.) OD with wall thickness of 1.7 mm (0.065 in.)) connecting an array of headers to a system of water-cooling pipes failed. The tubes were supplied in the O temper. They were bent to the desired...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c0091631
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
.... This and additional investigation (visual inspection, and 250x micrograph etched with aqua regia) supported the conclusion that the tubing failed by chloride SCC. Chlorides in the steam condensate also caused corrosion of the inner surface of the tubing. Stress was produced when the tubing was bent during...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.petrol.c0048719
EISBN: 978-1-62708-228-0
... Abstract A tubular heat exchanger in a refinery reformer unit leaked after one month of service. The exchanger contained 167 type 304 stainless steel U-bent integral-finned tubes. Cracks in the tube wall were revealed during examination. Hardness of the tube was found to be 30 HRC at the inside...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c9001476
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... tubeplate on the opposite side. After a mishap, the paint had been burned off the upper half of the shell. Internally, most of the tubes were found to be twisted or bent. The casing of the pump used to circulate the cooling water was also found to be cracked after the mishap. All the evidence pointed...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.steel.c9001234
EISBN: 978-1-62708-232-7
... Abstract In a copper hot water system, a bent pipe was soldered into a straight pipe with twice the diameter. The neighborhood of the soldered joint was covered with corrosion product predominantly blue-green in color, presumably carbonates. When these corrosion products were scratched off...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001194
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... Abstract A seamless hot-drawn boiler tube NW 300 of 318 mm OD and 9 mm wall thickness made of steel 15Mo3 was bent with sand filling after preheating allegedly to 1000 deg C. In the process it had cracked repeatedly in the drawn fiber. The composition corresponded to specifications...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.mech.c0047998
EISBN: 978-1-62708-225-9
... Abstract The drive-shaft hanger bearings failed after 300 to 400 h in service. The shaft, supported by labyrinth-sealed single row radial ball bearings of ABEC-1 tolerances, was made of aluminum 2024-T3 tubing (2.5 cm diam and 1.2 mm wall thickness). The bearings were lubricated with a paste...
Image
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 2 Replacement precipitator wires. (a) View of a type 304 replacement precipitator wire and the AISI 1010 tube bent at one end to place over the insulators. The arrows point to the two crimps used to fix the wire in the tube. (b) Close-up view of one of the crimps More
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.chem.c9001713
EISBN: 978-1-62708-220-4
... temperature rise of 486 °C. It was estimated that this is an eleven-fold increase in the amount of heat that would be released if Al were not included in the mixture. One early scenario for the accident was that the feed tube became plugged during the second shift and the workers tried to purge...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.design.c0065826
EISBN: 978-1-62708-233-4
... to fix the wire. The other end of the tube was bent so that it could be looped over the insulator on the frame, as shown in Fig. 2 . The wires broke at the apex of the tube or just slightly below it, as shown in Fig. 3 . Fig. 2 Replacement precipitator wires. (a) View of a type 304 replacement...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.petrol.c0051866
EISBN: 978-1-62708-228-0
..., one of which predominated and propagated to the tubing OD, causing a pinhole leak. When the tubing was spooled onto the reel, the crack length was sufficient to allow the tubing to “snap” when bent over onto the reel. Although the exact cause of the corrosion was not determined, it is speculated...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001048
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... pitting under the scales on the OD surface of the tubes. No other portion of the tubes, including the U-bent area, showed corrosion and/or cracking. The extent of scaling and its adherence gradually lessened along the OD surface of the tubes from the tube-side inlet toward the U-bend. No corrosion...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001801
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
...) Fine (1 μm) Rubbing of fractured ends Yes No Number of notches on perimeter greater than 2.5 μm deep 37 18 Cracks present on surface in bent regions of rods Numerous Some Figures 7 and 8 showed the overall microstructure. Rod “B” possessed very fine grains of alpha ? beta...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.chem.c9001403
EISBN: 978-1-62708-220-4
... on the bottom turn, and further leakage occurred at pinhole perforations adjacent to the crack in the top turn and near to a butt-weld in the coil. A short length containing the crack in the bottom turn of the coil was submitted for examination. This particular crack was oriented at about 45° to the tube axis...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.conag.c9001723
EISBN: 978-1-62708-221-1
... and pressing operations are a feature. It finds its greatest application for sheet steel for motor-car bodies, tin-plate production, and for strips and tubes. Due to the greater segregation of impurities in the core zone and the greater general unsoundness, the steel is not considered entirely suitable...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001425
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... in the form of a pronounced, curved groove running axially along the external surface as indicated by the arrows in Figure 1 . On the bore side, numerous longitudinal score markings were to be seen, these presumably being produced during the manufacture of the tube; none, however, was located in line...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.med.c9001664
EISBN: 978-1-62708-226-6
... Plate An unused compression plate and tube plate with the same catalogue number as the broken one was obtained from the manufacturer. To determine the effect of bending, the device was held in a vice and bent across the eighth hole to the approximate extent indicated by the x-rays for the broken...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001108
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... signs of perforation. Most of the pigtails had failed by perforation after 9 years, at which time the plant was unable to sustain operation and was shut down. Pertinent Specifications The pigtails were fabricated from wrought Incoloy 800H tubing with cold bent curves welded to the straight...