Fig. 4 Fracture surface on the spindle, showing beach marks and ratchet marks. More

Fig. 4 Detail of origin area with classical beach marks More

Fig. 5 Stereomicrograph of cylinder clamping rods showing fatigue beach marks, 2.5×: a) failed after 85 h of service, b) failed after 214 h of service More

Fig. 2 Fracture surface showing beach marks representative of crack fronts. More

Fig. 3 Beach marks and cleavage-like river markings on the fracture surface. More

Fig. 8 (a) Showing beach marks characteristics of fatigue failure. (b) Coarse fatigue striation “tyre track” markings (1000×). More

Fig. 4 Fractograph of ligament crack showing “beach marks.” More

Fig. 5 Fatigue striations associated with “beach marks.” More

Fig. 3 Fracture surface showing slag inclusions (dark) and beach marks of web shown in Fig. 1 and 2 . More

Fig. 4 Closeup view of fracture surface at the other web. Note beach marks. More

Fig. 2 Scanning electron image showing brittle fracture features and beach marks suggestive of low cycle fatigue More

Fig. 4 Fatigue crack growth in crankshaft shows beach marks. Chromium plating, about 0.010 in. thick, is indicated by arrows More

Fig. 5 Higher magnification SEM image of guide wire fracture showing beach marks consistent with fatigue crack growth More

Fig. 20 Beach marks on (a) quenched-and-tempered alloy steel pin fractured in low-cycle fatigue ( Ref 4 ), and on (b) maraging steel stud fractured in the laboratory by stress-corrosion cracking under steady load ( Ref 16 ). The presence of beach marks is indicative of progressive cracking More

Fig. 21 Curved beach marks are centered on the surface origin (arrow) of this shaft that failed in rotating bending fatigue. Beach marks are nearly semicircular near the origin. As the crack became larger, it grew more rapidly near the surface where bending stress was highest, resulting More

Fig. 14 Beach marks on a fatigue fracture in aluminum alloy 7075-T73 forging. The light-colored reflective bands are zones of fatigue crack propagation. At high magnifications, thousands of fatigue striations can be resolved within each band. The dull, fibrous bands are zones of crack More

Fig. 15 Fracture surface of steel shaft with beach marks produced by oxidation. More

Fig. 16 Beach marks on a 4340 steel part caused by SCC. Tensile strength of the steel was approximately 1780 to 1900 MPa (260 to 280 ksi). The beach marks are a result of differences in the rate of penetration of corrosion on the surface. They are in no way related to fatigue marks. 4× More

Fig. 69 Close-up view of fracture surface at the other web. Note beach marks. More

Fig. 116 Close-up view of fatigue fracture surface with beach marks. Arrows indicate the initiation-site areas More