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austenite
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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.machtools.c0047307
EISBN: 978-1-62708-223-5
.... The microstructure consisted of eutectic chromium carbides (Cr7C3) in a matrix of retained austenite and martensite intermingled with secondary carbides. Analysis (visual inspection and 500x view of sections etched with Marble's reagent) supported the conclusion that the low hardness resulted from an excessive...
Abstract
An impact breaker bar showed signs of rapid wear. The nominal composition of this chromium alloy cast iron was Fe-2.75C-0.75Mn-0.5Si-0.5Ni-19.5Cr-1.1Mo. The measured hardness of this bar was 450 to 500 HRB. The desired hardness for this material after air hardening is 600 to 650 HRB. The microstructure consisted of eutectic chromium carbides (Cr7C3) in a matrix of retained austenite and martensite intermingled with secondary carbides. Analysis (visual inspection and 500x view of sections etched with Marble's reagent) supported the conclusion that the low hardness resulted from an excessive amount of retained austenite. This caused reduced wear resistance and thus rapid wear in service. Recommendations included avoiding an excessive austenitizing temperature and excessive cooling rates from the austenitizing temperature and controlling the chemical composition to avoid excessive hardenability for the section size involved.
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 33 Volume fraction of retained austenite in carbon steels fully austenitized and water quenched in water or brine at room temperature. Source: Ref 11
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 3 Crystal structures. (a) Austenite (fcc). (b) Ferrite (bcc). (c) Martensite (bct)
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 5 Carbon content versus lattice parameters of (retained) austenite and martensite at room temperature. a at the top of the graph is the lattice parameter of fcc austenite. a and c in the lower half of the graph are the lattice parameters for tetragonal martensite. The ratio of c
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 14 Dimensional variation and retained austenite content of 100Cr6 steel as a function of tempering temperature
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 63 Influence of carbon content on the formation of retained austenite. Source: Ref 30
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 65 Retained austenite (white) and martensite in the surfaces of carburized and hardened nickel-chromium steel testpieces. (a) Approximately 40% retained austenite. (b) Approximately 15% retained austenite. Both 550×. Source: Ref 30
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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 3 Cracking in the bearing cup along prior austenite grain boundaries
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in Failure Modes and Materials Performance of Railway Wheels
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Rail and Rolling Stock
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 5 Influence of austenite grain side d γ and pearlite colony size d ρ on fatigue crack initiation life N i
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in Scaling of Resistance Heating Elements in a Through-Type Annealing Furnace
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Steelmaking and Thermal Processing Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 7 Voids on the austenite grain boundaries below the scaled region, cross-section, etched in V2A pickling solution. 100×
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in Failure of a Cast Dragline Bucket Tooth
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Construction, Mining, and Agricultural Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 2 SEM micrograph showing intergranular fracture along prior-austenite grain boundaries at fracture-initiation site in ultrahigh-strength steel dragline bucket tooth. 200×
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in Brittle Fracture of a Soybean-Oil Storage Tank Caused by High Service Stresses
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Construction, Mining, and Agricultural Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 2 SEM micrograph showing intergranular fracture along prior-austenite grain boundaries at fracture-initiation site in ultrahigh-strength steel dragline bucket tooth. 200x
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in Damages in Gears in the Transmission System of Heavy Duty Tracked Vehicles
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Construction, Mining, and Agricultural Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 4 Microstructure of the damaged area, reformed austenite and martensite. Microhardness 924 HV. 400 ×
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in Steel Casting with Insufficient Strength Properties
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Processing Errors and Defects
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 6 Precipitates on lattice planes and twin planes of former austenite. Etch: Picral. approx. 420 ×
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in Cracking of Pipe Nipples in Welding
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Processing Errors and Defects
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 8 MnS inclusions and ferrite network at the austenite grain boundaries in longitudinal section through the starting point of the weld seam, Etch: picral. 500 ×
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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 33 Volume fraction of retained austenite in carbon steels fully austenitized and water quenched in water or brine at room temperature. Source: Ref 14
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Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 21 Effect of silicon on the ferrite (α) to austenite (γ) transformation temperature of unalloyed steel and cast iron
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in Problems Associated with Heat Treated Parts
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 9 Austenite grain growth in a fine-grained 0.5% C hypoeutectoid steel (aluminum deoxidized). 0.43C-0.23Si-0.75Mn (wt%). (a) Austenitized for 1 h at 850 °C, cooled at 300 °C/h. Austenite grain size: ASTM No. 7, 180 HV. Picral. 100x. (b) Austenitized for 1 h at 900°C, cooled at 300 °C/h
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in Problems Associated with Heat Treated Parts
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 17 Microstructure of quench crack. The crack follows the former austenite grain boundaries.
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in Problems Associated with Heat Treated Parts
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 22 Retained austenite in 1018 steel carbonitrided at three different temperatures. Bar 28.5 mm (1.12 in.) in diameter quenched in 55 °C (130 °F) oil.
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