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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c0047641
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... revealed that a distinct discoloration existed on the HAZ, suggesting the possibility of atmospheric contamination during welding. The discoloration seemed concentrated at the interface line of the segmented backup ring. A fluorescent liquid penetrant applied to the interior weld surface revealed many...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001782
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
..., concentric groove created during a press forming operation. It was also determined that atmospheric contamination occurred during the welding of the head, causing embrittlement, which may have also contributed to the failure. Recommendations were made addressing the problems that were observed. golf...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.design.c0006898
EISBN: 978-1-62708-233-4
...-nickel, solving the SCC problem. Cupronickel Electric fuses, Materials substitution Nickel brasses 59Cu-12Ni-29Zn Stress-corrosion cracking Several fuses, made of nickel silver (57 to 61% Cu, 11 to 13% Ni, bal Zn), exposed in central offices where the air contained industrial atmospheric...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001319
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
.... How Failure Could Have Been Prevented Failure of the dished ends could have been prevented by avoiding carbon steel contamination, by stress relieving through solution annealing, and by keeping the components dry (by limiting their exposure to humid atmosphere and to water). Selected Reference...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c0047645
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... of fatigue. A blue etch-anodize inspection showed the presence of an alpha case along the edges of the repair weld. The alpha case, a brittle oxide-enriched layer, forms when welds are inadequately shielded from the atmosphere during deposition. The brittleness of this layer caused transgranular cracks...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c9001559
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... Abstract One inch diam Type 304 stainless steel piping was designed to carry containment atmosphere samples to an analyzer to monitor hydrogen and oxygen levels during operational and the design basis accident conditions that are postulated to occur in a boiling water reactor. Only one of six...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.steel.c0046998
EISBN: 978-1-62708-232-7
... in.). Failure occurred where the tube passed through the refractory hearth (floor) of the furnace. Although the furnace atmosphere was neutral with respect to the work, it had a carburizing potential relative to the radiant tubes. Analysis (visual inspection, 250x spectroscopic examination of specimens etched...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001318
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
.... The mercury was accidentally introduced into the cylinders during a gas-blending operation through a contaminated blending manifold. Replacement of the contaminated manifold was recommended along with discontinued use of mercury manometers, the original source of mercury contamination. Brittle fracture...
Book Chapter

By John G. Newman
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003534
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
..., when excessive atmospheric or handling contamination obscures much of the underlying surface of interest, inert gas sputtering can be employed to remove at least some of the obstructing contamination layer. Care must be taken to prevent sputter removing too much of the sample, or the surface...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001827
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... by fuel and/or ash compounds of Na, V, S, and Cl. Vanadium and sulfur are present in the coal or fuel oil burned in different applications. In some situations, these impurities may be ingested from the service environment, for instance, in the case of NaCl contamination from marine atmospheres...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c9001676
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
.... Because of acid formation from the radiolysis of moist air or reaction of surface contaminants with a damp environment, all detector assemblies are operated in an inert (He) atmosphere. They may be either in a partially encapsulated assembly (open to the moderator) or in a fully encapsulated assembly...
Book Chapter

By S.A. Bradley
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001335
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... to be contamination occurring in the casting process that became concentrated in the recycled skimmings. It was recommended that future material specifications for skimmings and for externally obtained scrap copper include a trace analysis for tellurium. Cupronickel Embrittlement Segregations Tellurium...
Book Chapter

By Barry Dillon
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.usage.c9001608
EISBN: 978-1-62708-236-5
... Storage: The use of end caps on these pipes did not go well with outdoor exposure. Any water entering could not escape, resulting in a humid atmosphere inside, with upper pipe temperatures reaching 100 °C in the sun. This resulted in the loss of mill scale and corrosion over the entire inside...
Book Chapter

By Debbie Aliya
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003529
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... was used in the subject component Microchemical analysis: to find evidence of contamination, to evaluate the composition of microphases revealed on a metallographic specimen, or to evaluate corrosion products Extreme care must be used in interpretation of chemical analysis work performed as part...
Book Chapter

By Brett A. Miller, Daniel P. Dennies
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006828
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... at the brazing temperature. Generally, fluxes, reducing gas protective atmospheres, and vacuum are intended to maintain surface cleanliness. Contaminants, such as oil, graphite, molybdenum disulfide, or lead lubricants used during machining or forming, must be removed before assembly. Oil and grease...
Book Chapter

By Lisa Swartz, John Newman
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006771
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
..., contamination, trace metal analysis What is Surface Analysis? The “surface” of a sample can mean different things to different people. To those performing analytical tests at the air/specimen interface of samples, the word surface can be anywhere from the top monolayer to as deep as several...
Book Chapter

By W. R. Warke
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003553
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... nonbranched cracks have been observed along with branched cracks in structural steel exposed to contaminated agricultural ammonia ( Fig. 2 ). Fig. 2 Picral-etched specimen of structural steel that was exposed to contaminated agricultural ammonia showing nonbranched stress-corrosion cracks. 75...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001085
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... to have failed because of intergranular SCC of the wear rings of the pump impeller. Visual Examination of General Physical Features The as-received impeller weighed approidmately 270 kg (600 lb) and was highly contaminated ∼100,000 to 400,000 disintegrations per minute, or dpm). The impeller...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006766
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
..., in some cases, influence the analysis result. It is also important to prevent possible contamination of the specimen before and after removal. Some of the commonly used quantitative chemical analysis techniques for metals are discussed in this article. Further details for these techniques can be found...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003549
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... in chemical process streams. All of the above reactions are quite similar; they consume electrons. The above partial reactions can be used to interpret virtually all electrochemical corrosion problems. Consider what happens when iron is immersed in water or seawater that is exposed to the atmosphere...