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aluminum-lithium alloys

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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 8 Fretting maps for an aluminum-lithium alloy. (a) Identification of the fretting regimes. (b) Corresponding material response. Adapted from Ref 22 More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006777
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... Embrittlement of copper by antimony Segregation of alloying elements, lithium and magnesium in aluminum-lithium alloys ( Ref 10 ) Embrittlement of copper alloys by bismuth (fire-cracking) ( Ref 11 ) Grain-boundary strengthening is characteristic of IG fractures caused by embrittlement. Intergranular...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006789
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... and fretting fatigue failures, the fretting-map approach is very useful and informative ( Ref 21 ). As an example, Fig. 8 shows the fretting maps for an aluminum-lithium alloy (obtained with a sphere-flat contact) ( Ref 22 ) in terms of normal force versus displacement. In Fig. 8(a) , the fretting regimes...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006770
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... the surface of the sample. Fig. 9 Three different energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) spectra obtained from the indicated regions of a copper sample surrounded by aluminum foil. Note the annotated peak labels. In cases where the sample surface is rough and cannot be disturbed, yet chemical...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006759
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... with some type of mechanical testing to determine adequate heat treatment of a part. For carbon and alloy steels, bulk chemical analysis is often used in conjunction with a bulk hardness test to determine the tensile strength of the material ( Ref 1 ). For aluminum alloys, bulk chemistry in conjunction...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.usage.c9001599
EISBN: 978-1-62708-236-5
... that the deposits consisted of calcium aluminum silicate, lithium aluminum silicate, and trevorite. Evaluation of the molybdenum electrode using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy revealed that nickel and antimony were present on the outer surface ( Fig. 7 ) and on the grain boundaries ( Fig. 8...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001083
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... on the base plate surface of impeller 1 were analyzed in situ using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), which can normally detect elements of atomic number 13 (aluminum) and above at concentrations as low as 0.3 to 0.5 wt%, whereas fluorine, sodium, and magnesium are detectable at somewhat higher...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006785
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... and industries that have experienced SCC failures include (this list is not exhaustive): Aerospace: Aluminum alloys in structural aircraft components such as landing gear and wing components, stainless steel tubing used as part of the hydraulic or fuel systems, high-strength low-alloy steel...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003553
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... analysis, metallographic analysis, and simulated-service tests. It provides case studies for the analysis of SCC service failures and their occurrence in steels, stainless steels, and commercial alloys of aluminum, copper, magnesium, and titanium. aluminum alloys austenitic stainless steel carbon...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001365
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... examination based on the characteristic energies of x-rays produced by the electron beam. EDS can normally detect elements with atomic numbers of 13 (aluminum) and above at concentrations as low as 0.3 to 0.5 wt%; fluorine, sodium, and magnesium are detectable at somewhat higher concentrations. As performed...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003536
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... of a metal-matrix composite (MMC) containing unidirectionally aligned alumina fibers in the matrix of an aluminum alloy. Figures 2(b) and 2(c) show a fracture profile from the tensile fracture surface of a low-alloy steel specimen. These fracture surfaces were electroplated with copper. As illustrated...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003540
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... magnifications of 500×. Courtesy of Mohan Chaudhari, Columbus Metallurgical Services Fig. 2 SEM images of intergranular fracture with different grain morphologies. (a) Rock candy appearance from atmospheric stress-corrosion cracking of a high-strength aluminum alloy with equiaxed grains. 130×. (b...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.rail.c9001719
EISBN: 978-1-62708-231-0
... that has solidified after failure is often found in the crack. The best determinate of LME is the identification phase of metal that exists in the crack after failure. Low carbon steels are known to exhibit LME susceptibility to brass, aluminum bronze, copper, zinc, lead-tin solder, indium, and lithium...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003548
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... blade spar shank was constructed of 2014-T652 aluminum alloy. The spar was hollow with the cavity filled with a lead wool ballast material and sealed with a thermoset material. One blade separated in flight, but fortunately a successful emergency landing was made. The outboard section that had separated...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006783
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... blade spar shank was constructed of 2014-T652 aluminum alloy. The spar was hollow, with the cavity filled with a lead wool ballast material and sealed with a thermoset material. One blade separated in flight, but fortunately a successful emergency landing was made. The outboard section that had...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003555
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... steels are susceptible to various molten metals or alloys, such as brass, aluminum, bronze, copper, zinc, lead-tin solders, indium, and lithium, at temperatures from 260 to 815 °C (500 to 1500 °F). Plain carbon steels are not satisfactory for long-term use with molten aluminum. Stainless steels...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006775
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... by planar slip ( Ref 36 ). There has also been a report of void nucleation without particle debonding in an aluminum-lithium alloy ( Ref 31 ). In this alloy, a variation in particle size was present, ranging from very small iron- and silicon-rich particles (the inclusions) to larger particles present...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003538
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... of void nucleation without particle debonding in an aluminum-lithium alloy ( Ref 31 ). In this alloy, a variation in particle size was present, ranging from very small iron- and silicon-rich particles (the inclusions) to larger particles present because of solute additions for age-hardening response...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001098
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... of materials under SEM examination based on the characteristic energies of X-rays produced by interaction with an electron beam. EDS can normally detect elements of atomic number 13 (aluminum) and above at concentrations as low as 0.3 to 0.5 wt%, while fluorine, sodium, and magnesium are detectable at somewhat...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006764
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
...-transmission two sides or reflection mode single side. Good sensitivity in acoustically clear material All metals and alloys, sintered carbides, glass and ceramics, rubber, structural plastics, concrete Electromagnetic testing Measures impedance of coil close to conductive material. Coil impedance changes...