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M.E. Stevenson, P.D. Umberger, S.F. Uchneat
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G.H. Walter, R.M. Hendrickson, R.D. Zipp
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H.S. Khatak, J.B. Gnanamoorthy, P. Rodriguez
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Transgranular fracture
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Search Results for Transgranular fracture
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Image
Brittle transgranular fracture surface crack produced by inservice failure....
Available to Purchase
in Failure Analysis of the Moderator Branch Pipe of a Pressurized Hot Water Reactor
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 1992
Image
SEM fractographs showing ( a ) primarily ductile transgranular fracture, ( ...
Available to Purchase
in Failure Analysis of AISI-304 Stainless Steel Styrene Storage Tank
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 8 SEM fractographs showing ( a ) primarily ductile transgranular fracture, ( b ) primarily transgranular fracture with some intergranularly fractured facets, ( c ) sensitized structure fractured in a ductile manner with dimples, and ( d ) stepwise crack advancement and transgranular
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Image
SEM of fracture surface of failed valve showing dimpled transgranular fract...
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in Failures of Structures and Components by Metal-Induced Embrittlement
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 18 SEM of fracture surface of failed valve showing dimpled transgranular fracture near the mid-thickness position
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Image
Micrographs showing typical fracture surface morphologies. Transgranular fr...
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in Fatigue Failure of Six Cap Screws From a Hydraulic Coupling
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 1992
Fig. 9 Micrographs showing typical fracture surface morphologies. Transgranular fracture, characteristic of fatigue. Nital etch. (a) Screw No. 1. 63×. (b) Screw No. 4. 252×.
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Book Chapter
Fracture Appearance and Mechanisms of Deformation and Fracture
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006774
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... of a component of interest in a failure investigation. Details on the mechanisms of deformation, brittle transgranular fracture, intergranular fracture, fatigue fracture, and environmentally affected fracture are also provided. brittle transgranular fracture creep fracture deformation ductile fracture...
Abstract
Engineering component and structure failures manifest through many mechanisms but are most often associated with fracture in one or more forms. This article introduces the subject of fractography and aspects of how it is used in failure analysis. The basic types of fracture processes (ductile, brittle, fatigue, and creep) are described briefly, principally in terms of fracture appearances. A description of the surface, structure, and behavior of each fracture process is also included. The article provides a framework from which a prospective analyst can begin to study the fracture of a component of interest in a failure investigation. Details on the mechanisms of deformation, brittle transgranular fracture, intergranular fracture, fatigue fracture, and environmentally affected fracture are also provided.
Book Chapter
Anomalous Fractures of Diesel Engine Bearing Cap Bolts
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001377
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... transgranular fracture failure mechanism. Water containing H7S was subsequently identified as the aggressive environment that precipitated the fractures in the presence of high tensile stress. This environment was generated by the chemical breakdown of the engine oil additive and moisture ingress...
Abstract
Sudden and unexplained bearing cap bolt fractures were experienced with reduced-shank design bolts fabricated from 42 CrMo 4 steel, quenched and tempered to a nominal hardness of 38 to 40 HRC. Fractographic analysis provided evidence favoring stress-corrosion cracking as the operating transgranular fracture failure mechanism. Water containing H7S was subsequently identified as the aggressive environment that precipitated the fractures in the presence of high tensile stress. This environment was generated by the chemical breakdown of the engine oil additive and moisture ingress into the normally sealed bearing cap chamber surrounding the bolt shank. A complete absence of fractures in bolts from one of the two vendors was attributed primarily to surface residual compressive stresses produced on the bolt shank by a finish machining operation after heat treatment. Shot cleaning, with fine cast shot, produced a surface residual compressive stress, which eliminated stress-corrosion fractures under severe laboratory conditions.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c0046505
EISBN: 978-1-62708-219-8
... of the contact area was by ductile (transgranular) fracture. Recommendations included changing the latch material from malleable iron to silicon bronze (C87300). The use of silicon bronze prevents corrosion or galvanic attack and proper adjustment of the latch maintains an adequate contact area. Control...
Abstract
One of three valves in a dry automatic sprinkler system tripped accidentally, thus activating the sprinklers. Maintenance records showed that the three valves had been in service less than two years. The valve consisted of a cast copper alloy clapper plate that was held closed by a pivoted malleable iron latch. The latch and top surface of the clapper plate were usually in a sanitary-water environment (stabilized, chlorinated well water with a pH of 7.3) under stagnant conditions. Process make-up water that had been clarified, filtered, softened, and chlorinated and had a pH of 9.8 was occasionally used in the system. Analysis (visual inspection and 250x micrograph) supported the conclusions that failure of the latch was caused by plastic deformation from extensive loss of metal by galvanic corrosion and the sudden loading related to the tripping of the valve. Failure in some regions of the contact area was by ductile (transgranular) fracture. Recommendations included changing the latch material from malleable iron to silicon bronze (C87300). The use of silicon bronze prevents corrosion or galvanic attack and proper adjustment of the latch maintains an adequate contact area.
Book Chapter
Failure of a Steam Accumulator Due to Lack of Complete Weld Penetration
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c0048782
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... of the head flange. The weld-metal hardness ranged from 84.8 HRB at the root pass to 99.3 HRB at the finish-pass crown—acceptable values for this material. There were no anomalies in the microstructure of either the weld metal or the base metal. The fracture path was clearly transgranular, with occasional...
Abstract
A steam accumulator, constructed with 10.3 mm thick SA515-70 steel heads and an 8 mm thick SA455A steel shell, ruptured after about three years of service. The accumulator was used in plastic molding operations. An extensive lack of weld penetration in this the head-to-shell girth weld was revealed by laboratory examination. Some misalignment of the head to the shell because of radial displacement of the shell and head centerlines was observed which was found to result in excessive clearances between the two parts and a slight difference in the thicknesses of the parts. Transgranular fracture with occasional secondary branching was revealed. It was interpreted by stress analysis that a small amount of misalignment added to lack of penetration increased the stresses to near the tensile strength of the material. The failure was judged to be a short-cycle high-stress notch-fatigue failure.
Image
SEM micrograph showing typical transgranular SCC fracture in a failed heate...
Available to Purchase
in Stress-Corrosion Cracking in Stainless Steel Heater Sheathing
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 1993
Image
in Stress-Corrosion Cracking in Stainless Steel Heater Sheathing
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 1993
Image
SEM fractographs of the major fracture surface. (a) Typical transgranular S...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 1993
Fig. 2 SEM fractographs of the major fracture surface. (a) Typical transgranular SCC fracture. (b) intergranular attack followed by transgranular cracking. (c) Typical ductile fracture
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Image
Scanning micrograph showing transgranular cleavage fracture in the remainin...
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in Investigation of a Failed Stainless Steel Spindle Assembly
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Offshore, Shipbuilding, and Marine Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 11 Scanning micrograph showing transgranular cleavage fracture in the remaining cross section during separation.
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Image
Transgranular cleavage fracture showing hairline indications (fine tear rid...
Available to PurchasePublished: 15 January 2021
Fig. 56 Transgranular cleavage fracture showing hairline indications (fine tear ridges) at A, together with tongues at B, shallow dimples at C, and secondary cracks at D. Fracture shown was produced in a specimen of 4315 steel by stress-corrosion cracking in a 3.5% NaCl solution. Transmission
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Image
Fractographs showing intergranular and transgranular mode of fracture after...
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in Failure Analysis of HAZ Cracking in Low C-CrMoV Steel Weldment
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 4 Fractographs showing intergranular and transgranular mode of fracture after carefully opening the cracked surface (magnification 15×)
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Book Chapter
Stress-Corrosion Cracking of a Stainless Steel Integral-Finned Tube
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.petrol.c0048719
EISBN: 978-1-62708-228-0
... UNS S30400 Transgranular fracture Stress-corrosion cracking A tubular heat exchanger in a refinery reformer unit was found to be leaking after 1 month of service. The exchanger contained 167 type 304 stainless steel U-bent integral-finned tubes, 19 mm ( 3 4 in.) in outside diameter...
Abstract
A tubular heat exchanger in a refinery reformer unit leaked after one month of service. The exchanger contained 167 type 304 stainless steel U-bent integral-finned tubes. Cracks in the tube wall were revealed during examination. Hardness of the tube was found to be 30 HRC at the inside surface and up to 40 HRC at the base of the fin midway between the roots which indicated that the fins were cold formed and not subsequently annealed thus susceptible to SCC because of a high residual stress level. It was revealed by metallographic examination that the fracture was predominantly by transgranular branched cracking and had originated from the inside surface. It was concluded that the tubes failed in SCC caused by chlorides in the presence of high residual stresses. The finned tubes were ordered in the annealed condition as a corrective measure.
Book Chapter
Failure of Feed Cock Studs
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c9001457
EISBN: 978-1-62708-219-8
... Transgranular fracture The cover of a feed cock fitted to an Economic Boiler suddenly blew off and the plug lifted sufficiently to permit the escape of water. An electrician working in the boiler-house sustained personal injury in endeavouring to avoid escaping water and steam. On examination...
Abstract
The cover of a feed cock fitted to an economic boiler suddenly blew off and the plug lifted sufficiently to permit the escape of water. It was found that all four of the studs securing the cover had fractured. In each case fracture had occurred at the end of one of the screwed portions adjacent to the shank. The fractures were of a short nature, with no evidence of progressive cracking by fatigue, nor was there any sign of stretching prior to failure. The fractured faces and the shanks of the studs were of rusted appearance. Microscopic examination of the material showed it to be an austenitic nickel-chromium stainless steel, stabilized by titanium and of the free machining type. Multiple transgranular cracking characteristic of failure from stress-corrosion cracking, was present to an extensive degree. It was considered probable that there had been slight leakage of water from the valve over a period and evaporation resulted in a solution which favored failure from stress-corrosion cracking. If corrosion resistant studs were desired, those of bronze or Monel metal are to be preferred.
Image
Fracture surface of a piece of polycrystalline alumina. The large grain in ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 14 Fracture surface of a piece of polycrystalline alumina. The large grain in the center broke by transgranular fracture (note the fracture markings on its fracture surface). Most of the rest of the fracture shown in this image is intergranular. SEM; picture width ∼50 μm
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Book Chapter
Failure of Admiralty Brass Condenser Tubes
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001310
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
..., corrosion under deposit (pitting and crevice), and dezincification. Fractures were transgranular and typical of stress-corrosion cracking. The primary cause of the corrosion deposit was low-flow conditions in those parts of the condenser where failure occurred. Maintenance of proper flow conditions...
Abstract
Leaks developed in 22 admiralty brass condenser tubes. The tubes were part of a condenser that was being used to condense steam from a nuclear power plant and had been in operation for less than 2 years. Analysis identified three types of failure modes: stress-corrosion cracking, corrosion under deposit (pitting and crevice), and dezincification. Fractures were transgranular and typical of stress-corrosion cracking. The primary cause of the corrosion deposit was low-flow conditions in those parts of the condenser where failure occurred. Maintenance of proper flow conditions was recommended.
Image
Fracture surface of a piece of polycrystalline alumina. Wallner lines, twis...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 13 Fracture surface of a piece of polycrystalline alumina. Wallner lines, twist hackle, and gull wings are seen on the fracture surface of the large grain in the middle of the image. Fracture moved through this grain (transgranular fracture). Fracture around grains (intergranular fracture
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Image
SEM of fracture surface of failed valve showing predominantly intergranular...
Available to Purchase
in Failures of Structures and Components by Metal-Induced Embrittlement
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 17 SEM of fracture surface of failed valve showing predominantly intergranular fracture, with (possibly) a small area of transgranular fracture exhibiting fatigue striations ( arrowed ), near the inside surface of the valve
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