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Stress-corrosion cracking

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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001820
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
.... The applied stress was 100% of the YS of the steels ( a ) A216-WCC, ( b ) A217-WC9 Fig. 11 Transverse sections of steels showing SSC cracks, after corrosion testing according to NACE TM0177-96 method “A” standard in 5.0% NaCl + 0.5% CH 3 COOH at T = 23 °C and pH 3.5. The applied stress was 100...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c9001651
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... at the inside surfaces of the tubes. Transgranular stress-corrosion cracking, probably the result of sulphates under basic conditions, and dezincification occurred also as the result of galvanic corrosion under the deposits in the tubes. Recommendations were to use a closed-loop water system to eliminate...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.chem.c9001652
EISBN: 978-1-62708-220-4
.... This was characteristic of corrosion fatigue. The second type of cracking originated at some of the major cracks. These cracks were branched and transgranular, which is characteristic of stress-corrosion caused by chlorides. The third crack mode, an intergranular network, was most probably the result of hydrogen sulphide...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001824
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... the stress-corrosion cracking initiated from bolt threads. Sign of localized pits are visible. Magnification: 250× Fig. 9 Metallographic microstructure revealed clear localized pitting corrosion and typical transgranular stress-corrosion cracks. Magnification: 250× Fig. 10 Scanning...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006785
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... Abstract Stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) is a form of corrosion and produces wastage in that the stress-corrosion cracks penetrate the cross-sectional thickness of a component over time and deteriorate its mechanical strength. Although there are factors common among the different forms...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.auto.c0091598
EISBN: 978-1-62708-218-1
... Stress-corrosion cracking After 10 to 20 months of service, the carbon steel hoppers on three trucks used to transport bulk ammonium nitrate prills developed extensive cracking in the upper walls. The prills were used in blasting operations and required transportation over rough roads to a mining...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.aero.c0006387
EISBN: 978-1-62708-217-4
.... Accessories Aircraft components Scanning electron microscopy Swivels 7075 UNS A97075 Intergranular corrosion Stress-corrosion cracking A routine examination on a seat ejection system found that the catapult attachment swivel contained cracks on opposite sides of the part. This swivel, or bath tub...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.aero.c9001560
EISBN: 978-1-62708-217-4
... Abstract Military aircraft use a cartridge ignition system for emergency engine starts. Analysis of premature failures of steel (AISI 4340) breech chambers in which the solid propellant cartridges were burned identified corrosion as one problem with an indication that stress-corrosion cracking...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.aero.c0091674
EISBN: 978-1-62708-217-4
... that the interference fit of the bushing in the lug hole be discontinued. Aircraft components Hinge brackets Marine environments 2014-T6 UNS A92014 Stress-corrosion cracking Surface treatment related failures Forged aluminum alloy 2014-T6 hinge brackets in naval aircraft rudder and aileron linkages...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.aero.c0048616
EISBN: 978-1-62708-217-4
... Intergranular precipitation Shot peening 431 UNS S43100 Stress-corrosion cracking The T-bolt shown in Fig. 1(a) was part of the coupling for a bleed air duct of a jet engine on a transport plane. Specifications required that the 4.8-mm ( 3 16 -in.) diam T-bolt be made of AISI type 431...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.aero.c0091678
EISBN: 978-1-62708-217-4
... components Forgings Lugs Marine environments 2014-T6 UNS A92014 Intergranular corrosion Pitting corrosion Stress-corrosion cracking During a routine shear-pin check, the end lug on the barrel of the forward canopy actuator on a naval aircraft was found to have fractured. The lug was forged from...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.aero.c9001542
EISBN: 978-1-62708-217-4
... Abstract A nose landing gear cylinder made from AISI 4340 Ni-Cr-Mo alloy steel was found cracked and leaking, causing partial depressurization. Investigation revealed the crack to be a stress-corrosion type, judging by the 6500x electron fractograph. It had started in a region of concentrated...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.aero.c0006409
EISBN: 978-1-62708-217-4
... if pipe threads were to be used. A determination of proper torque values for tightening the connectors was suggested also. Aircraft components Scanning electron microscopy Stresses Tapping (threads) Wall thickness 2024 UNS A92024 Intergranular fracture Stress-corrosion cracking...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c0091631
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
..., and bending of tubing during installation should be avoided to reduce residual stress. Chlorides Steam condensate Tubing 316 UNS S31600 Transgranular fracture Stress-corrosion cracking A steam-condensate line made of type 316 stainless steel tubing that measured 19 mm (0.75 in.) outside...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c0048158
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... torsional loading (along a plane 45 deg to the wire axis). Liquid-metal embrittlement was expected to have been caused by metals (Sn, Zn, Pb) which melt much below maximum service temperature of the turbine. The springs were concluded to have fractured by intergranular stress-corrosion cracking promoted...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c0048814
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... by series of controlled crack-propagation-rate stress-corrosion tests that A302, grade B, steel was susceptible to transgranular stress-corrosion attack in constant extension rate testing with as low as 1 ppm chloride present. It was recommended to maintain the coolant environment low in oxygen and chloride...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c0091640
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
.... Electric power generation Sensitization Steam Valve stem 17-4 PH UNS S17400 Stress-corrosion cracking Heat treating-related failures A 9 cm (3.5 in.) diameter valve stem made of 17-4 PH (AISI type 630) stainless steel, which was used for operating a 61 cm (24 in.) gate valve in a steam power...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c0091655
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... made. Intergranular corrosion Nozzles Nuclear reactor components Inconel 600 UNS N06600 Stress-corrosion cracking Intergranular fracture Cracking occurred in an ASME SB166 Inconel 600 safe-end forging on a nuclear reactor coolant water recirculation nozzle while it was in service...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c0091659
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
..., reheat treatment, or preload reduction. Boiling water reactors Jet pumps Nuclear reactor components Inconel X-750 UNS N07750 Stress-corrosion cracking Jet pumps, which have no moving parts, provide a continuous circulation path for a major portion of the core coolant flow in a boiling...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c0091703
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... generation Tubes C44300 UNS C44300 Transgranular fracture Stress-corrosion cracking An arsenical admiralty brass (UNS C44300) finned tube in a generator air cooler unit at a hydroelectric power station failed. The unit had been in operation for approximately 49,000 h. The cooling medium...