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Spring steels

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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.mech.c0051293
EISBN: 978-1-62708-225-9
... stainless steel, and the operating stresses were safely within the design limits given by the Goodman diagram. The springs were revealed by scanning electron microscopy to contain numerous cracks on their inside surface, and these cracks were all at 45 deg to the wire axis. The solution was recommended...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c0048150
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... Abstract Grease-wiper springs for cams formed from stampings of 0.25-mm thick carbon spring steel (0.65 to 0.80% C) fractured at the 0.025 mm radius on the stamped 135 deg corner at a 90 deg bend after 5,000,000 cycles. Tool marks 2 to 2.3 mm from the center of the stamped bend were disclosed...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.aero.c9001902
EISBN: 978-1-62708-217-4
... SAE 6150 spring steel, Canada's cold weather which may have had an embrittling effect on the steel, and cumulative fatigue damage from severe landing loads during service life. Replacement with heavier-duty spring legs will probably not eliminate this type of failure, but their use has reduced...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.auto.c0090626
EISBN: 978-1-62708-218-1
... Abstract A steel spring used in an automotive application suddenly began to fail in the field, although “nothing had changed” in the fabrication process. Fatigue tests using springs fabricated prior to field failures lasted 500,000 cycles to failure, whereas fatigue tests performed on springs...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001810
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
...Hardness values of torsion bars Table 1 Hardness values of torsion bars HRC 1 2 3 Mean Bar 1 46.0 45.7 43.8 45.16 Bar 2 46.2 45.7 47.4 46.43 Bar 3 45.0 44.8 46.4 45.40 Chemical analyses of 50CrV4 spring steel according to EN10132-4 Table 2 Chemical...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.mech.c0048131
EISBN: 978-1-62708-225-9
... Abstract The springs formed from 3.8 mm diam cold-drawn carbon steel wire failed to comply with load-test requirements. A split wire in the spring was revealed by investigation. A smooth heat-tinted longitudinal zone was observed in the fracture. It was concluded that the spring failed...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001042
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... Fig. 1 SEM fractograph of fracture surfaces showing striation patterns. 529×. Abstract Failure occurred in a type 304 stainless steel leaf spring attached to the undercarriage assembly of an airport shuttle train. Failure analysis showed that the fracture was caused by low-cycle...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.mech.c9001158
EISBN: 978-1-62708-225-9
... Abstract A steel valve spring meeting Steel-Iron-Test 1570 fractured during the high-stress condition of the operation of its valve. Metallographic examination of a transverse section adjacent to the fracture and a longitudinal section through the crack showed the steel was free of major...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c0048124
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... it was reoriented to the plane normal to the major tensile axis by sufficient loading. The shot-peening procedure was altered to create adequate surface compression at all stressed points on the springs. Cracks Galling Orientation Tensile stress Valve spring steel Surface treatment related failures...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.mech.c0048128
EISBN: 978-1-62708-225-9
... Abstract A fractograph of the failed spring was found to indicate light streaks are parallel to the wire axis. A darker depressed area was visible between the streaks and below the center of the fractograph in which distinct outlines that represent sharp corners in the depressions were revealed...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.mech.c0048129
EISBN: 978-1-62708-225-9
.... This was reported to have occurred when the fracture plane changed to an angle with the wire axis in response to the torsional strain. The spring failure was concluded to have originated at the seam. Service life Stresses Spring steel Fatigue fracture The failure shown in Fig. 1(a) began at the seam...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001800
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... to a subway rail car or electric trolley car. The remainder of the system details is withheld to protect client confidentiality. The springs were round-wire helical construction, made from patented music wire (carbon steel) that was subsequently electro-galvanized. Untempered martensite is a hard, brittle...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.mech.c0051292
EISBN: 978-1-62708-225-9
... Abstract Type 302 stainless steel springs used in a printing operation failed by breaking into several pieces after two months in service. The springs were operating over a very small deflection and were regulating the flow of ink, in which they were constantly immersed. Fatigue fractures...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.mech.c9001220
EISBN: 978-1-62708-225-9
.... In order to decrease the stress, the construction has meantime been modified. Cracking (fracturing) Helical springs Torsional fatigue Spring steel Fatigue fracture A helical compression spring with 10 turns made of 1.8 mm thick wire which was under high pressure during tension applied...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c0048143
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... was concluded to be the reason of the fatigue failure. Rack plating or barrels with fixed button contacts at many points instead of dangler-type contacts were recommended to avoid hard spots. Cadmium plating Cylinders Electric arcs Pneumatic devices Spring steel Surface treatment related failures...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.mech.c9001153
EISBN: 978-1-62708-225-9
... to a state of internal stress which favored fracture of the spring. Shot blasting Torsional fatigue Valve springs Spring steel Surface treatment related failures Fatigue fracture The fatigue strength of parts which are subjected to reverse bending or torsional stresses can be considerably...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c0048117
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... Abstract Two outer valve springs made from air-melted 6150 pretempered steel wire broke during production engine testing. The springs were 50 mm in OD and 64 mm in free length, had five coils and squared-and-ground ends, and were made of 5.5 mm diam wire. It was revealed that fracture...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006836
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... within these divisions. The vast majority of springs are made from one of several grades of carbon or alloy steel. However, to accommodate the broad spectrum of applications, springs have been made from a wide variety of metals and alloys, including stainless steels, heat-resisting alloys, copper alloys...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001119
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... were returned to the manufacturer after failing in service well short of the component design life. Spring design specifications required conformance to SAE J157, “Oil Tempered Chromium Silicon Alloy Steel Wire and Springs.” Each spring was installed in a separate heavy truck engine in an application...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001118
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... at the origin. 504×. (c) Detail of (b), showing void defects and secondary cracking. 1575×. Fig. 8 SEM micrographs of the surface of spring 2, showing surfaced defects caused by poor drawing practice. (a) 120×. (b) 113×. Abstract Failure of AISI type 321 stainless steel internal springs from...