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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 25 Effect of atmospheric pressure on the friction and wear of a carbon steel cylinder More
Image
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 7 Effect of hydrostatic pressure on the transformation kinetics of 50CV4 steel. B , bainite; F. P., ferrite-pearlite transformation; M s , martensite start temperature. Source: Ref 7 More
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Published: 15 May 2022
Fig. 5 Effect of internal pressure on time to failure of polyethylene gas pipe at various temperatures. Ductile regime indicates yield failure. Slit regime indicates brittle failure. Source: Ref 17 More
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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 33 Effect of atmospheric pressure on the friction and wear of a carbon steel cylinder. Adapted from Ref 107 More
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001347
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... of events that led up to the breach of the railroad tank car. Means to prevent similar reoccurrences are discussed. Explosions Mechanical properties Pressure effects Pressure vessels AAR M-128 grade B Brittle fracture Background The breaching or explosion of a tank car occurred...
Book Chapter

By Roy T. King
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0001818
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... Abstract This article discusses the effect of using unsuitable alloys, metallurgical discontinuities, fabrication practices, and stress raisers on the failure of a pressure vessel. It provides information on pressure vessels made of composite materials and their welding practices. The article...
Book Chapter

By S. Krismer
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.conag.c9001634
EISBN: 978-1-62708-221-1
... in most areas. This corrosion was fairly uniform around the circumference of the hose. The loss of two spirals/layers of wire reinforcement effectively reduced the pressure carrying capacity of the hose to below that of the maximum operational pressure experienced. Either the hose (or assembly...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001312
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... was attributed to insufficient component thickness, which made the dashpot unable to withstand internal operating pressure, and to extensive annealing in the heat-affected zones of the brazed joints. It was recommended that the condenser dashpot design take into account the annealing effects of brazing...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.chem.c9001161
EISBN: 978-1-62708-220-4
... to be completely martensitic. Thus, the failure was due to hardening of the base material during welding, and recommendation was made to temper or anneal the welded regions to reduce the effects of hydrogen under pressure. Ammonia Chemical processing equipment Heat exchangers Post heating Welded joints...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001227
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... Abstract An elbow of 70 mm OD and 10 mm wall thickness made from St 35.29, and exposed to 315 atmospheres internal pressure in an oil hydraulic shear installation, cracked lengthwise after a short operating period. Because the stress was not sufficient to explain the fracture of this elbow...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c0047144
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... Abstract During autofrettage of a thick-wall steel pressure vessel, a crack developed through the wall of the component. Certain forged pressure vessels are subjected to autofrettage during their manufacture to induce residual compressive stresses at locations where fatigue cracks may initiate...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006807
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... creep testing and remaining-life assessment, and pressure vessel time-dependent stress analysis showing the effect of stress relaxation at hot spots. creep curve creep testing elevated-temperature life assessment heater tubes high-temperature components hydrogen attacks remaining-life...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.chem.c9001570
EISBN: 978-1-62708-220-4
... equipped with fixed tubesheets 10 . The tube side pressure alone generates a tensile circumferential stress and a corresponding strain in that direction in the tubes. The tubes must contract concurrently in the longitudinal direction due to Poisson's effect. The tubes tend to pull the tubesheet...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.auto.c0091598
EISBN: 978-1-62708-218-1
... Abstract After 10 to 20 months of service, the carbon steel hoppers on three trucks used to transport bulk ammonium nitrate prills developed extensive cracking in the upper walls. The prills were discharged from the steel hoppers using air superchargers that generated an unloading pressure...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006909
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... a good understanding of the accumulative effects of service and environmental conditions on degradation and failure mechanisms. There are several ways to accelerate material degradation, including exposure to elevated temperature, pressure, or humidity; increasing stresses and strain levels (i.e...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001421
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... Abstract The bottom flange of a vertical pipe coupled to an isolating valve in a steam supply line to a turbine failed. Steam pressure was 1,500 psi and the temperature 416 deg C (780 deg F). Multiple cracking occurred in the bore of the flange. A quarter-segment was cut out and examined...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.petrol.c9001179
EISBN: 978-1-62708-228-0
... was the cause of damage. Hydrogen liberated by reaction with the iron caused the formation of iron sulfide after penetration of the steel, which had an explosive effect during molecular separation under high pressure. This in turn caused the crack formation in conjunction with the external and residual stresses...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c9001486
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
... of the cylinder wall, initiated by slap of the piston under the combined forces of inertia and firing pressure as it passes top dead centre. The occurrence on the anti-thrust side may possibly result from bouncing of the piston. In the laboratory it has been possible to reproduce the effects of cavitation...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c0046378
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
... Abstract River water was pumped into a brine plant by a battery of vertical pumps, each operating at 3600 rpm and at a discharge pressure of 827 kPa (120 psi). The pumps were lubricated by means of controlled leakage. The 3.8 cm (1 in.) OD pump sleeves were made of an austenitic stainless steel...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c9001696
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
... from superficial to severe, with some pits extending through 75% of the tube's wall thickness. The SCC emanated from the pits and further reduced the service strength of the component until it could no longer sustain the operating pressure and final catastrophic fracture occurred. Corrosion-resistant...