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Eli Levy
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Friedrich Karl Naumann, Ferdinand Spies
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S. Maruthamuthu, P. Dhandapani, S. Ponmariappan, S. Sathiyanarayanan, S. Muthukrishnan ...
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Charlie R. Brooks
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Book Chapter
Fatigue Fracture of a Precipitation-Hardened Stainless Steel Actuator Rod End
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001361
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
Abstract
A 17-4 PH steering actuator rod end body broke during normal take-off. Results of failure analysis revealed that the wall thickness of the race was much below the design limits, thus causing the race to rest on the body's swaged edges rather than on the load carrying centerline of the body. This assembly condition generated abnormal high loads on the swaged edges, ultimately resulting in fatigue failure. To prevent a recurrence of similar failure in the future, the dimensions of the race in the spherical bearing were changed, no further failure occurred.
Image
Grain-boundary and intragranular precipitation at the hot side of the hot-g...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 31 Grain-boundary and intragranular precipitation at the hot side of the hot-gas casing of a gas turbine. Material is 321 stainless steel. Etched successively in Vilella's reagent, methanolic aqua regia, and Groesbeck's reagent to darken carbides
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Image
Inside surface of sample 2 showing general attack and precipitation effects...
Available to Purchase
in Ruptured Stainless Steel Heater Tube
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Oil and Gas Production Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 6 Inside surface of sample 2 showing general attack and precipitation effects. Etched with 10% oxalic acid. 500 ×
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Image
Grain-boundary and intragranular precipitation at the hot side of the hot-g...
Available to PurchasePublished: 15 January 2021
Fig. 31 Grain-boundary and intragranular precipitation at the hot side of the hot-gas casing of a gas turbine. Material is 321 stainless steel. Etched successively in Vilella's reagent, methanolic aqua regia, and Groesbeck's reagent to darken carbides
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Image
Scanning electron microscope image of 15-5 precipitation-hardened (PH) stee...
Available to PurchasePublished: 15 January 2021
Fig. 6 Scanning electron microscope image of 15-5 precipitation-hardened (PH) steel debris with gold plating that had transferred onto the metal surface during the failure event. In secondary electron imaging, topographical differences in the gold plating such as wrinkling are more evident
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Image
Precipitate in a precipitation-hardened (PH) steel fracture surface, labele...
Available to PurchasePublished: 15 January 2021
Fig. 7 Precipitate in a precipitation-hardened (PH) steel fracture surface, labeled as Spectrum 1, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy spectrum from the corresponding point showing nearby steel constituents (iron, chromium, nickel, and copper) that are detected. According to the quantitative
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Image
SEMs showing the precipitation of Cl-bearing compounds along the grain boun...
Available to Purchase
in Pitting Corrosion of Steel Tubes in an Air Preheater
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Power Generating Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 20 SEMs showing the precipitation of Cl-bearing compounds along the grain boundaries. (a) Note the dark gray scale penetrating the base metal and the precipitates. (b) Grain boundary precipitates at higher magnification
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Image
Variation in carbide precipitation (black dots) in delta ferrite, Midland 1...
Available to Purchase
in Thermal Exposure Assessment by Quantitative Microscopy and Selective Etching
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Power Generating Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 8 Variation in carbide precipitation (black dots) in delta ferrite, Midland 1 (mod. Murakami's).
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Image
Microstructure of damaged sleeve plate showing precipitation of metal carbi...
Available to Purchase
in Failure Analysis of Fire Tube Sleeve of Heater Treater
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 8 Microstructure of damaged sleeve plate showing precipitation of metal carbides at grain boundaries, 400×
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in Internal Cracks in Cast Steel With 9% Ni for Cryogenic Applications
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 1992
Fig. 10 EPMA analysis of precipitation on the fracture surface of steel G.
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Image
Grain-boundary precipitation in the structure of the segment. The matrix is...
Available to Purchase
in Failure of an ASTM A681-89 H13 Die Segment for Die Casting of Aluminum
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 1992
Fig. 5 Grain-boundary precipitation in the structure of the segment. The matrix is tempered martensite with secondary carbides. Nital etched. 310×.
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Image
SEM micrograph of fractured surface showing precipitation of carbides in th...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2019
Fig. 3 SEM micrograph of fractured surface showing precipitation of carbides in the austenite matrix and the formation of microcracks
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Book Chapter
Cast Steel Housing with Grain Boundary Precipitates
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001217
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... Abstract In a housing made of cast steel GS 20MoV12 3, weighing 42 tons, precipitates were found on the austenitic grain boundaries during metallographic inspection. According to their shape and type they were recognized as carbides that precipitated during tempering. In addition, a much...
Abstract
In a housing made of cast steel GS 20MoV12 3, weighing 42 tons, precipitates were found on the austenitic grain boundaries during metallographic inspection. According to their shape and type they were recognized as carbides that precipitated during tempering. In addition, a much coarser network of rod-shaped and plate-shaped precipitates was found, that probably corresponded to the primary grain boundaries, or to the grain boundaries or twin planes of the austenite formed during solidification of the melt. These particles could have been aluminum nitride judging by their shape and order of precipitation. Tests showed that a subsequent removal of this defect by solutioning was impractical because the annealing temperature was too high. To avoid this defect in the future the sole recommendation is to accelerate the cooling rate through the critical region between 1200 to 900 deg C to such an extent as is practicable with respect to machinability.
Image
Replacement precipitator wires. (a) View of a type 304 replacement precipit...
Available to Purchase
in Failure Analysis Leading to Improved Materials Selection for Precipitator Wires in a Basic Oxygen Furnace
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Design Flaws
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 2 Replacement precipitator wires. (a) View of a type 304 replacement precipitator wire and the AISI 1010 tube bent at one end to place over the insulators. The arrows point to the two crimps used to fix the wire in the tube. (b) Close-up view of one of the crimps
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Book Chapter
Scale Formation by Calcium-Precipitating Bacteria in Cooling Water System
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001769
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... Abstract This study examines the role of calcium-precipitating bacteria (CPB) in heat exchanger tube failures. Several types of bacteria, including Serratia sp. (FJ973548), Enterobacter sp. (FJ973549, FJ973550), and Enterococcus sp. (FJ973551), were found in scale collected from heat...
Abstract
This study examines the role of calcium-precipitating bacteria (CPB) in heat exchanger tube failures. Several types of bacteria, including Serratia sp. (FJ973548), Enterobacter sp. (FJ973549, FJ973550), and Enterococcus sp. (FJ973551), were found in scale collected from heat exchanger tubes taken out of service at a gas turbine power station. The corrosive effect of each type of bacteria on mild steel was investigated using electrochemical (polarization and impedance) techniques, and the biogenic calcium scale formations analyzed by XRD. It was shown that the bacteria contribute directly to the formation of calcium carbonate, a critical factor in the buildup of scale and pitting corrosion on heat exchanger tubes.
Book Chapter
Fatigue Fracture of Stainless Steel Wires in an Electrostatic Precipitator at a Paper Plant
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001075
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... Abstract Several type 316L stainless steel wires in an electrostatic precipitator at a paper plant fractured in an unexpectedly short time. Failed wires were examined using optical and scanning electron microscope, and hardness tests were conducted. Fractography clearly established...
Abstract
Several type 316L stainless steel wires in an electrostatic precipitator at a paper plant fractured in an unexpectedly short time. Failed wires were examined using optical and scanning electron microscope, and hardness tests were conducted. Fractography clearly established that fracture was caused by fatigue originating at corrosion pits on the surface of the wire. It was recommended that higher-molybdenum steel in the annealed condition be used to combat pitting corrosion.
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Initial design of the loop on the top end of the precipitator wires. On the...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 10 Initial design of the loop on the top end of the precipitator wires. On the left are two loops, one with the 430 stainless steel ferrule removed. On the right is the broken wire inside the ferrule. 9×
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Image
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 12 An example of the failed new design for the precipitator wires. 5.5×
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Image
Precipitate structure of René 80 cycled in strain-controlled low-cycle fati...
Available to Purchase
in Thermomechanical Fatigue: Mechanisms and Practical Life Analysis
> Failure Analysis and Prevention
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 5 Precipitate structure of René 80 cycled in strain-controlled low-cycle fatigue at 1254 K. Note the “globular” appearance and coarsening of the precipitates and the dislocation networks around the precipitates. The small precipitates have been consumed by growth of the large ones. Source
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Image
Precipitator wires from a basic oxygen furnace. (a) Original AISI 1008 carb...
Available to Purchase
in Failure Analysis Leading to Improved Materials Selection for Precipitator Wires in a Basic Oxygen Furnace
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Design Flaws
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 1 Precipitator wires from a basic oxygen furnace. (a) Original AISI 1008 carbon steel wire, wrapped around an insulator spool and fastened with a ferrule made from type 430 ferritic stainless steel. One ferrule has been removed. (b) Close-up view showing the fractured wire face inside
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