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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001361
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 31 Grain-boundary and intragranular precipitation at the hot side of the hot-gas casing of a gas turbine. Material is 321 stainless steel. Etched successively in Vilella's reagent, methanolic aqua regia, and Groesbeck's reagent to darken carbides More
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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 6 Inside surface of sample 2 showing general attack and precipitation effects. Etched with 10% oxalic acid. 500 × More
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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 31 Grain-boundary and intragranular precipitation at the hot side of the hot-gas casing of a gas turbine. Material is 321 stainless steel. Etched successively in Vilella's reagent, methanolic aqua regia, and Groesbeck's reagent to darken carbides More
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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 6 Scanning electron microscope image of 15-5 precipitation-hardened (PH) steel debris with gold plating that had transferred onto the metal surface during the failure event. In secondary electron imaging, topographical differences in the gold plating such as wrinkling are more evident More
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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 7 Precipitate in a precipitation-hardened (PH) steel fracture surface, labeled as Spectrum 1, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy spectrum from the corresponding point showing nearby steel constituents (iron, chromium, nickel, and copper) that are detected. According to the quantitative More
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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 20 SEMs showing the precipitation of Cl-bearing compounds along the grain boundaries. (a) Note the dark gray scale penetrating the base metal and the precipitates. (b) Grain boundary precipitates at higher magnification More
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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 8 Variation in carbide precipitation (black dots) in delta ferrite, Midland 1 (mod. Murakami's). More
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Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 8 Microstructure of damaged sleeve plate showing precipitation of metal carbides at grain boundaries, 400× More
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Published: 01 December 1992
Fig. 10 EPMA analysis of precipitation on the fracture surface of steel G. More
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Published: 01 December 1992
Fig. 5 Grain-boundary precipitation in the structure of the segment. The matrix is tempered martensite with secondary carbides. Nital etched. 310×. More
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Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 3 SEM micrograph of fractured surface showing precipitation of carbides in the austenite matrix and the formation of microcracks More
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001217
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... Abstract In a housing made of cast steel GS 20MoV12 3, weighing 42 tons, precipitates were found on the austenitic grain boundaries during metallographic inspection. According to their shape and type they were recognized as carbides that precipitated during tempering. In addition, a much...
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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 2 Replacement precipitator wires. (a) View of a type 304 replacement precipitator wire and the AISI 1010 tube bent at one end to place over the insulators. The arrows point to the two crimps used to fix the wire in the tube. (b) Close-up view of one of the crimps More
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001769
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... Abstract This study examines the role of calcium-precipitating bacteria (CPB) in heat exchanger tube failures. Several types of bacteria, including Serratia sp. (FJ973548), Enterobacter sp. (FJ973549, FJ973550), and Enterococcus sp. (FJ973551), were found in scale collected from heat...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001075
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... Abstract Several type 316L stainless steel wires in an electrostatic precipitator at a paper plant fractured in an unexpectedly short time. Failed wires were examined using optical and scanning electron microscope, and hardness tests were conducted. Fractography clearly established...
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 10 Initial design of the loop on the top end of the precipitator wires. On the left are two loops, one with the 430 stainless steel ferrule removed. On the right is the broken wire inside the ferrule. 9× More
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 12 An example of the failed new design for the precipitator wires. 5.5× More
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 5 Precipitate structure of René 80 cycled in strain-controlled low-cycle fatigue at 1254 K. Note the “globular” appearance and coarsening of the precipitates and the dislocation networks around the precipitates. The small precipitates have been consumed by growth of the large ones. Source More
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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 1 Precipitator wires from a basic oxygen furnace. (a) Original AISI 1008 carbon steel wire, wrapped around an insulator spool and fastened with a ferrule made from type 430 ferritic stainless steel. One ferrule has been removed. (b) Close-up view showing the fractured wire face inside More