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Friedrich Karl Naumann, Ferdinand Spies
By
Friedrich Karl Naumann, Ferdinand Spies
By
Egon Kauczor
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Book Chapter
Failure of Tension Springs During Installation
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.mech.c0090994
EISBN: 978-1-62708-225-9
... Abstract Two large tension springs fractured during installation. The springs were manufactured from a grade 9254 chromium-silicon steel spring wire. The associated material specification allows wire in the cold-drawn or oil-tempered (quenched-and-tempered) condition. The specified wire tensile...
Abstract
Two large tension springs fractured during installation. The springs were manufactured from a grade 9254 chromium-silicon steel spring wire. The associated material specification allows wire in the cold-drawn or oil-tempered (quenched-and-tempered) condition. The specified wire tensile strength range was 1689 to 1793 MPa (245 to 260 ksi). The finished springs were to be shot peened for greater fatigue resistance. Investigation (visual inspection, 3x images, 2% nital etched 148x SEM images, chemical analysis, hardness testing, and EDS analysis) supported the conclusion that the springs failed during installation due to the presence of preexisting defects. Crack surfaces were found to be corroded and phosphate coated, indicating that the cracks occurred during manufacture. Installation, which presumably entailed some axial extension, resulted in ductile overload failure at the crack sites. Recommendations included evaluating the manufacturing steps to identify the process(es) wherein the cracking was likely occurring. It was further recommended that a suitable nondestructive method such as magnetic particle inspection be implemented.
Book Chapter
Cracked Pipe Elbow of a Hydraulic Installation
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001227
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... Abstract An elbow of 70 mm OD and 10 mm wall thickness made from St 35.29, and exposed to 315 atmospheres internal pressure in an oil hydraulic shear installation, cracked lengthwise after a short operating period. Because the stress was not sufficient to explain the fracture of this elbow...
Abstract
An elbow of 70 mm OD and 10 mm wall thickness made from St 35.29, and exposed to 315 atmospheres internal pressure in an oil hydraulic shear installation, cracked lengthwise after a short operating period. Because the stress was not sufficient to explain the fracture of this elbow under this pressure, an investigation was conducted to establish whether material or processing errors had occurred. Microscopic examination showed that a ferritic-pearlitic structure in select locations was very fine-grained. Other signs of fast cooling as compared to normally formed structure of the core zone were noted. It was also possible that the pipe was resting on a cold plate during bending or that it came in touch with a cold tool. This apparently caused the strains at the transition to the cross-sectional part that had been cooled more slowly. The location of the crack at just this point gave rise to the conclusion that it was formed either by the sole or contributive effect of these stresses.
Book Chapter
Fracture of High-Strength Screws During Installation
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.usage.c0090929
EISBN: 978-1-62708-236-5
... Abstract Size M5 x 0.8 mm, class 8.8 metric screws were failing during application, reportedly at the normal installation torque. Investigation (visual inspection, metallographic analysis, and unetched 8.9x fractographs) supported the conclusion that the fasteners failed via ductile overload...
Abstract
Size M5 x 0.8 mm, class 8.8 metric screws were failing during application, reportedly at the normal installation torque. Investigation (visual inspection, metallographic analysis, and unetched 8.9x fractographs) supported the conclusion that the fasteners failed via ductile overload in the absence of gross defects or embrittlement. It was subsequently determined that a nonapproved lubricant had been used during installation. Tension preloads can be more than twice their normal level on lubricated fasteners because of reduced friction, and in this case, the preload was sufficient to fracture the screws. No recommendations were made.
Book Chapter
Examination of Steel Specimens from an Ammonia Synthesis Installation
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.chem.c9001172
EISBN: 978-1-62708-220-4
... hydrogen attack and oxygen decarburization. A ring specimen was cut off from a high pressure line of unalloyed steel St 55.25 and was tested for hydrogen attack. The high pressure line was used for a gas mixture leaving the pressure vessel of an ammonia synthesis installation. The pressure...
Abstract
Unalloyed steels and the pure nickel steels frequently used in the past can sustain significant damage from hydrogen attack in ammoniacal environments. The attack causes decarburization that leads to a loosening of the structure due to the precipitation of methane along grain boundaries. It occurs between 200 and 300 deg C, depending on hydrogen pressure. Parts of an apparatus that operate in these types of environments must be checked constantly if they are not made from hydrogen-resistant steel. The results of two such examinations serve to illustrate the challenges.
Book Chapter
Leaky Socket Pipe from the Safety Return Circuit of a Heating Installation
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001211
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
Abstract
An elbow made from welded steel tube had become leaky along a well-defined line in the axial direction. The entire wall of the tube was corroded, and the longitudinally-welded seam stood out clearly as a result of particularly intensive corrosive attack. The appearance of the corroded surface indicates the action of water with a high oxygen content. The oxygen in the return water must have originated from the ventilation of the open expansion vessel. Because of the corrosion-favoring effect of a crevice, water with a high oxygen-content that was perhaps still warm or even hot found particularly favorable conditions for corrosion in the defective welded seam (crevice corrosion). The tube material itself is perfectly satisfactory and in no way responsible for the failure.
Image
Typical inspections. (a) Automated inspection installation for the fluoresc...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 1 Typical inspections. (a) Automated inspection installation for the fluorescent penetrant inspection of large workpieces, such as castings. The installation incorporates a complex roller conveyor system. (b) Retirement-for-Cause (RFC) inspection facility
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Image
Ball mill liner plates. (a) New condition, before installation. (b) Worn co...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 2 Ball mill liner plates. (a) New condition, before installation. (b) Worn condition, with partially worn grinding belt
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Image
Ruptured 305-mm (12-in.) carbon steel pipe, inadvertently installed in a 1....
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 2(a) Ruptured 305-mm (12-in.) carbon steel pipe, inadvertently installed in a 1.25Cr-0.5Mo circuit, that was severely damaged by hydrogen embrittlement. On-stream failure caused extensive fire damage.
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Image
in Stress Cracks in Brass Pipe Couplings
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Processing Errors and Defects
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 1 Pipe coupling with cracks before installation. 1×
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Image
Schematic of installation of three service water pumps, where one pump is h...
Available to Purchase
in Biologically Induced Corrosion and Consequent Fracture of a Pump Shaft Coupling
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Failure Modes and Mechanisms
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 2 Schematic of installation of three service water pumps, where one pump is held in standby
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Image
The LANSCE window “insert” assembly prior to installation and radiation exp...
Available to Purchase
in Failure Analysis of a Radio-Activated Accelerator Component
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Failure Modes and Mechanisms
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 6 The LANSCE window “insert” assembly prior to installation and radiation exposure
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Image
Failed outer ejector piston installed through the swaybrace assembly from a...
Available to Purchase
in Failure Investigations of PH 13-8 Mo Aircraft Components
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Air and Spacecraft
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 2 Failed outer ejector piston installed through the swaybrace assembly from an ejector rack.
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Image
in Airplane Fuel Line Support Bracket Failure
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Air and Spacecraft
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 4 Correct installation position of bracket.
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Image
in Airplane Fuel Line Support Bracket Failure
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Air and Spacecraft
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 5 Relative orientation of bracket depends on direction of installation.
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Image
in Corrosion Fatigue Failure of Stainless Steel Load Cells in a Milk Storage Tank
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 1993
Fig. 1 View of load cell installation
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Image
in Failure of Chipper Knives
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Construction, Mining, and Agricultural Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 2 Chipper knife being installed in a 75 in. Morbark total tree harvester
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Image
(a) Ruptured 305 mm (12 in.) carbon steel pipe, inadvertently installed in ...
Available to Purchase
in Failures of Pressure Vessels and Process Piping
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 4 (a) Ruptured 305 mm (12 in.) carbon steel pipe, inadvertently installed in a 1.25Cr-0.5Mo circuit, that was severely damaged by hydrogen embrittlement. On-stream failure caused extensive fire damage. (b) Outside-diameter surface of the failed pipe. Hydrogen attack had progressed through
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Image
in Fracture of a Paper Manufacturing Machine Felt Guide Roll
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 5 Another balance weight installed on long end of fractured roll
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Image
Balance weight that had been installed on short end of fractured roll; Arro...
Available to Purchase
in Fracture of a Paper Manufacturing Machine Felt Guide Roll
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 8 Balance weight that had been installed on short end of fractured roll; Arrow points to fractured screw originally located at origin of fracture
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Image
in Fracture of a Paper Manufacturing Machine Felt Guide Roll
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 14 Crack shown in Fig. 13 now opened to expose screw as-installed and related fatigue crack surface
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