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Impurities

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Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 11 Oxide and sulfide impurities in longitudinal section. 100× More
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.design.c0089339
EISBN: 978-1-62708-233-4
... Abstract Leakage was identified around a coupling welded into a stainless steel holding tank that stored condensate water with low impurity content. The tank and fitting were manufactured from type 304 stainless steel. The coupling joint consisted of an internal groove weld and an external...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.mech.c0048620
EISBN: 978-1-62708-225-9
... impurities, such as lead, tin, or cadmium. This composition problem with zinc alloys was recognized many years ago, and particular attention has been directed toward ensuring that high-purity zinc is used. This corrective measure reportedly resulted in virtual elimination of this type of defect...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.chem.c0046953
EISBN: 978-1-62708-220-4
... Abstract A portion of the wall of a reactor vessel used in burning impurities from carbon particles failed by localized melting. The vessel was made of Hastelloy X (Ni-22Cr-9Mo-18Fe). Considering the service environment, melting could have been caused either by excessive carburization (which...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.matlhand.c9001262
EISBN: 978-1-62708-224-2
... the austenitic grain boundaries. Such fractures are characteristic results of strong overheating. The coarse-grained, coarse acicular heat-treated structure of the chain link confirmed overheating. Because temperatures in excess of 1150 deg C are required for the solution of impurities, it is more probable...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.petrol.c9001148
EISBN: 978-1-62708-228-0
... of the pipe that did not fracture during the explosion and from piece 5-1 which contained the fracture origin site. Both pieces were found to have 0.30% carbon and 1.2% Mn with sulfur and phosphorus impurities acceptably low. Fracture mechanics analysis used in conjunction with fractographic results confirmed...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.machtools.c9001250
EISBN: 978-1-62708-223-5
... Abstract A broken cross-recessed die was examined. Examination of the unetched, polished section for impurities revealed several coarse streaks of slag. The purity did not therefore correspond to the requirements set for a high speed tool steel of the given theoretical quality DMo 5. After...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001109
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
.... The source of the salt was impurities in the flux. Two potential solutions were proposed: modification of the processing parameters to reduce the salt deposition and / or change of bar materials to a more resistant alloy. Reference Reference 1. Shores D.A. and Luthra K.L. , Hot...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001123
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... of the system in which they were installed. Scanning electron microscopic and chemical analyses conducted on one of the failed valve seats showed that the composition of the alloy was different from that specified. The presence of excess aluminum and lead impurities that had segregated to the grain boundaries...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001803
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... prosthesis, stainless steel and titanium compression plates, and hollow spinal rods. Some of the failure mechanisms that were identified include corrosive attack, corrosion plus erosion-corrosion, inclusions and stress gaps, production impurities, design flaws, and manufacturing defects. Failure prevention...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.machtools.c9001183
EISBN: 978-1-62708-223-5
... of copper, nickel, and cobalt. A steel of similar composition, X38Cr-MoV5 1 (W-No. 2343) was used for hot working tools. The sliver originated from a damaged press tool. Hot working Impurities Studs Aluminum Metalworking-related failures In a continuously cast aluminum press stud two small...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001589
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... that some external particle, floating in the plating tank, might have been plated over by the EN, causing the defect to protrude on the plated surface. However, the EDS spectrum from the hole ( Fig. 3 ) did not show any external impurity in the hole. It was a distinct possibility that the trapped impurity...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.chem.c9001162
EISBN: 978-1-62708-220-4
... the aluminum entered the tin was available, no recommendations could be made. Aluminum Impurities Tubes 99.90 Sn Intergranular fracture Brittle fracture 1. Description of Damage On account of their high resistance to corrosion, tubes made of 99.90 pure tin were to be used for packaging...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001335
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... ( Fig. 1 ). The embrittling agent for the failed cupronickel tube was most likely tellurium (source unknown). The tellurium probably entered the casting process as a contaminant. The general practice is to recycle the skimmings, which entrap impurities in the slag. The brittle slag is typically...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.homegoods.c0090424
EISBN: 978-1-62708-222-8
... Embrittlement Impurities Injection moldings Molecular degradation Overheating Polycarbonate Brittle fracture A plastic bracket exhibited relatively brittle material properties, which ultimately led to catastrophic failure. The part had been injection molded from a medium-viscosity polycarbonate resin...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c0090881
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... (caustic) environment. Environmental impurities consisting of sulfate, sulfide, sodium, lead, and copper were also detected. The levels of these impurities were not sufficient to indicate an acute introduction of these species into the steam generator secondary environment. However, crack oxide analysis...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003540
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... alterations. Grain boundaries are thus the preferential region for congregation and segregation of impurities. Weakening or embrittlement can also occur by preferential phase precipitation or absorption of environmental species in the grain boundaries. In addition, the grain-boundary regions are also weakened...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006777
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... are thus the preferential region for congregation and segregation of impurities. Typically, the grain boundaries in polycrystalline materials are stronger than individual grains in a properly processed material below its creep-regime temperature. The grain boundaries are disruptions between the crystal...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.rail.c9001450
EISBN: 978-1-62708-231-0
... been “gassed” or the material contained some impurity which had segregated at the grain boundaries and formed brittle intercrystalline films. While the indications were that the former hypothesis was most probably the correct one, it was thought desirable to ascertain if there were any embrittling...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c0048850
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... that had fatigue-sharpened notches on their crack fronts. The insulation was examined to determine whether the impurities contained might have contributed to the failure. Its pH, leachable sodium, potassium, and lithium were analyzed. Colorimetric and the x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy were used...