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Hydrogen sulfide

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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.petrol.c0051870
EISBN: 978-1-62708-228-0
... stress and corrosion in the presence of water and hydrogen sulfide was concluded to have initiated the failure which was propagated by fatigue. It was recommended that in the presence of known corrosive environments the tubing should not be used above 50% of its theoretical fatigue life. Coiled...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.petrol.c9001179
EISBN: 978-1-62708-228-0
... at 530 deg C. The connectors were made of SAE 4140 Cr-Mo steel. The material for the rod pipes was Fe-0.4C-1Mn steel. Structural stresses played a role in the cracking. Iron sulfide formed on the fracture planes and flake-like stress cracks occurred in the steel. The hydrogen sulfide content of the gas...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.chem.c0048702
EISBN: 978-1-62708-220-4
... the major constituents. Fig. 1 Failed aluminum brass condenser tube from a saltwater heat exchanger. The tube failed from pitting caused by hydrogen sulfide and chlorides in the feedwater. (a) Cross section of tube showing deep pits and excessive metal wastage. 2 3 4 ×. (b) Higher...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001820
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... that the failure was caused by a combination of hydrogen-induced corrosion cracking and sulfide stress-corrosion cracking. Based on test data and cost, A217-WC9 cast Cr–Mo steel would be a better alloy for the application. References References 1. Carneiro R.A. , Ratnapuli R.C...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.petrol.c0048698
EISBN: 978-1-62708-228-0
.... The tee joint in the piping between the heat exchanger and the sieve bed failed after 12 months. A hole in the tee fitting and a corrosion product on the inner surface of the pitting was revealed by visual examination. Iron sulfide was revealed by chemical analysis of the scale which indicated hydrogen...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.petrol.c9001166
EISBN: 978-1-62708-228-0
... product from each pipe section were analyzed for carbon, sulfur, and iron and were found to consist mainly of iron sulfide mixed with soot and rust. The damage resulted from a high content of hydrogen sulfide in the gas (6% CO2, 20% CO, 8 to 12% H2, 0.5 to 1.5% CH4, remainder N2). To process the coal...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.design.c0091358
EISBN: 978-1-62708-233-4
... used in the valve. Manganese sulfide stringers in the valve were exposed at end-grain surfaces in contact with the beverage. The stringers, which were anodic to the surrounding metal, were subject to corrosion, producing a hydrogen sulfide concentration in the immediately adjacent liquid...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c9001165
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
... in the scrubbing water was actually sulfide (including hydrogen sulfide) and was the main cause of corrosion. Graphitic corrosion Pump impellers Sulfides Gray iron Dealloying/selective leaching A Cast iron pump impeller showed strong corrosion after an operating period of only one-half year. As can...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.chem.c9001169
EISBN: 978-1-62708-220-4
... corrosion agents, especially chlorides. If chlorides were absent, hydrogen sulfide which causes similar pitting and is capable of causing cracks could be suspected. Favorable state of stresses, which could be residual or due to heat treating, bending or straightening operations, would be recommended...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.design.c0048819
EISBN: 978-1-62708-233-4
... Abstract A large pressure vessel that had been in service as a hydrogen sulfide (H2S) absorber developed cracks and began leaking at a nozzle. The vessel contained a 20% aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH), potassium carbonate (K2CO3), and arsenic. The vessel wall was manufactured...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001325
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... the rupture. The lower image is reversed relative to the upper image. The OD surface faces upward in each image. Fig. 7 Microstructure at the root of one of the reticulated grooves on the interior of the pipe. Abstract A carbon steel piping cross-tee assembly which conveyed hydrogen sulfide...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.petrol.c9001235
EISBN: 978-1-62708-228-0
... may drop. This measure was ultimately recommended, deemed more effective and cheaper. Blistering Cracking (fracturing) Hydrogen sulfide Natural gas Pipelines Fe-0.22C Hydrogen damage and embrittlement A welded natural gas line of 400 mm O.D. and 9 mm wall thickness made of unalloyed...
Image
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 1 Low-carbon steel tee fitting in a line leading to a natural-gas dryer that failed from hydrogen sulfide corrosion. (a) Arrangement of piping showing point of leakage in the tee fitting. (b) Inner surface of the tee fitting showing corrosion deposit and area of complete penetration More
Image
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 1 Failed aluminum brass condenser tube from a saltwater heat exchanger. The tube failed from pitting caused by hydrogen sulfide and chlorides in the feedwater. (a) Cross section of tube showing deep pits and excessive metal wastage. 2 3 4 ×. (b) Higher magnification view of a pit More
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003552
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... the absorption of nascent (atomic) hydrogen into the metal. These substances are called cathodic poisons, and they include phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and cyanide ion. Among the cathodic poisons, sulfides are among the most common. Environments containing hydrogen sulfide can...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006784
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
.... These substances are called cathodic poisons, and they include phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and cyanide ion. Among the cathodic poisons, sulfides are among the most common. Environments containing hydrogen sulfide can cause severe embrittlement of steels and some other high-strength...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001115
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... of oil and 178 barrels of water per day. The produced gas contained approximately 12 to 18 ppm of hydrogen sulfide. During a workover of an oil well, the 9% Ni steel production tubing parted three times as it was being pulled from the well. The tubing had performed satisfactorily for more than 30...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003555
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... and metal dusting, sulfidation, hot corrosion, chloridation, hydrogen interactions, molten metals, molten salts, and aging reactions including sensitization, stress-corrosion cracking, and corrosion fatigue. It concludes with a discussion on various protective coatings, such as aluminide coatings, overlay...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0001817
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
..., hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and ammonia can be very corrosive environments. Another cause of inadvertent general corrosion is improper chemical cleaning using uninhibited acids, excessive temperatures, or prolonged contact time. Water used to wash fire-side deposits where high-sulfur fuel oil...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001116
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
.... Carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide are also common constituents of the produced fluids. Two lengths of API 5A grade J-55 electric resistance welded (ERW) tubing failed in a sour gas environment within a very short period. The pipe failed from SSC primarily because of bands of susceptible...