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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.usage.c0047343
EISBN: 978-1-62708-236-5
... Abstract An experimental high-temperature rotary valve was found stuck due to growth and distortion after approximately 100 h. Gas temperatures were suspected to have been high due to overfueled conditions. Both the rotor and housing in which it was stuck were annealed ferritic ductile iron...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003555
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... Abstract High temperature corrosion may occur in numerous environments and is affected by factors such as temperature, alloy or protective coating composition, time, and gas composition. This article explains a number of potential degradation processes, namely, oxidation, carburization...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006787
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... Abstract High-temperature corrosion can occur in numerous environments and is affected by various parameters such as temperature, alloy and protective coating compositions, stress, time, and gas composition. This article discusses the primary mechanisms of high-temperature corrosion, namely...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c0091754
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... pressures of the gases within the duct, combined with the high temperatures, facilitated nitrogen pickup. No recommendations were made. Intergranular precipitation Oxidation Spalling Inconel 317 UNS N06617 High-temperature corrosion and oxidation The presence of carbides and carbonitrides...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001814
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... stress relaxation cracking of a large diameter Incoloy 825 tube, stress rupture of a 4.65 in. thick chromium steel shell wall, and the oxidation of chromium steel exposed to hot syngas. The gasifier process and operating conditions that contributed to the high-temperature degradation were also analyzed...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001108
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... in petrochemical plants to produce hydrogen via a high-temperature reaction between steam and hydrocarbon gases in the presence of a catalyst. The reaction occurs inside heat-resistant, spun-cast tubes. These are high-chromium and nickel alloy tubes that are welded to the headers and pigtails that connect...
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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 1 High-temperature degradation of a gas turbine transition duct. (a) Carbide, carbonitride precipitates, and oxide pentration along grain boundary. (b) Creep cracking along grain-boundary precipitates (arrows) on IN-617 panel. Creep cavities along grain boundaries link up and lead More
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Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 2 Regimes of high-temperature attack; temperatures are approximate [ 1 ] More
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Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 15 Effect of high- temperature exposure resulting in partial resolutioning of the gamma prime γ ′ precipitates in a SX blade casting. Rafting (coalescence and elongation of the γ ′ ) occurs perpendicular to the primary stress direction. Cuboidal precipitates (darker phase More
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Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 13 Representative micrograph showing high-temperature hydrogen attack damage in the form of intergranular fissuring and decarburzation in carbon steel. Original magnification: 500×. Etched with 2% nital solution More
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Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 52 Micrograph of high-temperature hydrogen attack of postweld heat treated carbon steel in hydrogen service. (a) Etched with 2% nital solution to show weld and heat-affected zone (HAZ). (b) As-polished to show fissures, including an almost through-wall crack on the HAZ on the left. Source More
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Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 98 Operating limits for steels in hydrogen service to avoid high-temperature hydrogen attack. PWHT, postweld heat treatment. Source: Ref 44 More
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Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 16 Microstructural evolution during high-temperature creep damage. (a) Initial ferrite plus pearlite. (b) In situ spheroidized carbide. (c) Grain-boundary carbides. (d) Creep voids. Original magnification: 200× More
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Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 12 Ultimate tensile strengths (UTS) of various steels at high temperatures (high-strain-rate UTS at temperature as percentage of high-strain-rate UTS at room temperature). (Adapted from Ref 14) More
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 5 Quenching from too high a temperature cracked this manganese oil-hardening steel die ( Fig. 4 pictures its microstructure). Some of the cracks which are exaggerated by magnetic powder probably are secondary and developed because the structure is particularly sensitive to grinding. More
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001340
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... modifications on tube wall temperatures. Boiler tubes, mechanical properties Cracking (fracturing) High temperature Carbon steel Thermal fatigue fracture Background Two identical “D” tube package boilers experienced premature tube failures after short operating times. The tubes were joined...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001827
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... Fig. 1 Schematic of the gas turbine [ 13 ] Fig. 2 Regimes of high-temperature attack; temperatures are approximate [ 1 ] Fig. 3 Macrograph showing the bucket from the first stage in as-received condition Fig. 4 Macrograph showing the hot corrosion cavities found...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.steel.c0046956
EISBN: 978-1-62708-232-7
... Abstract A brazing-furnace muffle 34 cm (13 in.) wide, 26 cm (10 in.) high, and 198 cm (78 in.) long, was fabricated from nickel-base high-temperature alloy sheet and installed in a gas-fired furnace used for copper brazing of various assemblies. The operating temperature of the muffle...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c9001688
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
... Abstract Some examples of equipment failures involving high temperature operation are presented. They include some steam generator superheater components and a pump shaft that should not have been at high temperature. Metallographic analysis is used to determine the causes of failure in each...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006807
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... and discusses the Monkman-Grant relationship and multiaxiality. The article further provides information on high-temperature metallurgical changes and high-temperature hydrogen attack and the steps involved in the remaining-life prediction of high-temperature components. It presents case studies on heater tube...