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Heat-affected zone
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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001028
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... beam was used. Metallography The radial metallographic section obtained through the outer portion of the upper sheet, showed a fully austenitic structure adjacent to the crack, with no evidence of melting or heat-affected zone along the crack boundary ( Fig. 19 ). This indicates...
Abstract
Several AISI type 321 stainless steel welded oil tank assemblies used on helicopter engine systems began to leak in service. One failure, a fracture on the aft side of a spot weld, was submitted for analysis. SEM fractography examination revealed fatigue failure. The failure initiated at an overload fracture near the root of the weld and was followed by mode III fatigue crack propagation (tearing) around the periphery of the weld. The initial overload fracture was caused by a high external load, which produced a concentrated stress and fracture at the weld root. The subsequent fatigue fracture was caused by engine vibrations during operation of the aircraft. Fracture characteristics indicated that the fatigue would not have occurred if the initial damage had not taken place.
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 36 Intergranular corrosion of the inside surface heat-affected zone of E-Brite stainless steel adjacent to the weld fusion line. Electrolytically etched with 10% oxalic acid. 100×
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in Failure of a Flange from a High Pressure Feeder Plant
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Improper Maintenance, Repair, and Operating Conditions
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 8 Microstructure of heat affected zone. Left martensite (black) with ledeburite eutectic, right recrystallised structure. Etched (FeCl 3 + HCl + ethanol). 100 ×
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in Failure of a Flange from a High Pressure Feeder Plant
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Improper Maintenance, Repair, and Operating Conditions
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 9 Microstructure on the inner side of the flange in the heat affected zone; left austenite with ledeburite, right austenite with localised melting. Etched (FeCl 3 + HCl + ethanol). 100 ×
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in Failure of a Flange from a High Pressure Feeder Plant
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Improper Maintenance, Repair, and Operating Conditions
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 10 Crack path on the inner surface of the flange in the heat-affected zone. Etched (FeCl 3 + HCl + ethanol). 100 ×
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in Failure of a Flange from a High Pressure Feeder Plant
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Improper Maintenance, Repair, and Operating Conditions
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 11 Crack path in the heat affected zone. The crack runs partly through the ledeburite eutectic and partly through the martensite grains. Etched (FeCl 3 + HCl + ethanol). 100 ×
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in Bacterial-Induced Corrosion of AISI Type 304 Stainless Steel Tanks
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Chemical Processing Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 2 Normal microstructure of the heat-affected zone in the AISI 304L stainless steel tank (etched with oxalic acid solution, 500×).
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in Leaking Welds in a Ferritic Stainless Steel Wastewater Vaporizer
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Chemical Processing Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 3 Intergranular corrosion of the inside surface heat-affected zone of E-Brite stainless steel adjacent to the weld fusion line. Electrolytically etched with 10% oxalic acid. 100×
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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 36 Intergranular corrosion of the inside surface heat-affected zone of E-Brite stainless steel adjacent to the weld fusion line. Electrolytically etched with 10% oxalic acid. Original magnification: 100×
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in On-Site Nondestructive Metallographic Examination of Materials
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Processing Errors and Defects
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 8 Photomicrographs of the outer edge of the heat-affected zone of the weld taken from (A) the discolored test plate and (B) surface replica of the cylinder weldment.
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in Failure of Ship Hull Plate Attributed to Lamellar Tearing
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Offshore, Shipbuilding, and Marine Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
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in Failure of Ship Hull Plate Attributed to Lamellar Tearing
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Offshore, Shipbuilding, and Marine Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
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in Failure of Ship Hull Plate Attributed to Lamellar Tearing
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Offshore, Shipbuilding, and Marine Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
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in Failure of Ship Hull Plate Attributed to Lamellar Tearing
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Offshore, Shipbuilding, and Marine Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
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in Brittle Fracture of Welds in Aircraft Components
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Air and Spacecraft
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 2 Micrograph illustrates a heat-affected zone (HAZ) crack, (arrow) at the toe of the weld of Fig. 1 . Fracture edge is at top of photo. 2 pct Nital etch; magnification about 44 times.
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in Brittle Fracture of Welds in Aircraft Components
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Air and Spacecraft
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 4 At the junction of the heat affected zone and weld metal, the light structure is typical of cast chromium-nickel alloy, and the dark HAZ is martensitic. (See Fig. 3 ) Vilella's etch; magnification 100 times.
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in Metallographic Examination of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion in a Fire Truck Water Tank
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Automobiles and Trucks
Published: 01 June 2019
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in Failures of Pressure Vessels and Process Piping
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 33 Microstructure of weld and heat-affected zone on longitudinal weld sample No. 1. Etched in 5% nital. Original magnification: 100×
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in Failures of Pressure Vessels and Process Piping
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 34 Microstructure of weld and heat-affected zone on longitudinal weld sample No. 2. Etched in 5% nital. Original magnification: 150×
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in Failures of Pressure Vessels and Process Piping
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 35 Microstructure of heat-affected zone on longitudinal weld sample No. 2 showing nodular graphite. Etched in 5% nital. Original magnification: 80×
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