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Hard-drawn carbon steel

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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.conag.c0051294
EISBN: 978-1-62708-221-1
... Abstract An agricultural tine, which is a relatively large double torsion spring with outer legs that are used to sweep through hay or other crops and turn them over, had failed. It was made hard-drawn carbon steel. Bending fatigue was revealed by visual examination to be almost certainly...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c0092131
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
... spring and an outer spring (both of patented and drawn high-carbon steel wire) taken from another cylinder in the same engine were examined in the laboratory to determine why one had distorted and the other had not. Investigation (visual inspection, microstructure examination, and hardness testing...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.matlhand.c0048031
EISBN: 978-1-62708-224-2
.... As a result of abrasion, a hard layer of martensite was formed on the wire. The wire was made susceptible to fatigue cracking, while bending around the sheave, by this brittle surface layer. The carbon content and tensile strength of the wire was found lower than specifications. As a corrective measure...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001581
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
...-induced loss in yield strength. Room temperature tensile and hardness test results Table 3 Room temperature tensile and hardness test results Alloy and condition 0.2% YS MPa (ksi) TS MPa (ksi) Vickers Hardness 304 cold-drawn 1240 (179) 1373 (199) 409 304 exposed for three years...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c9001646
EISBN: 978-1-62708-219-8
.... The testing was conducted in a pneumatically operated microhardness tester, and the Vickers hardness (Vickers pyramid number: VPN) values were determined under 50 g applied load. The measurements were conducted on phases viewed at 400× magnification, and the average VPN values were determined from...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001075
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
..., the inability of the wires to resist pitting corrosion became an important consideration. Data on the properties of cold-worked type 316 stainless steel cold-drawn wire ( Table 2 ) show that the hardness for the “ 3 4 hard” condition and a diameter of 2.6 mm(0.1 in.) should be 29 to 32 HRC...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001125
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... (6.1 in.) long, with 66 mm (2.6 in.) on each side for compression assembly. Such connectors have a long record of trouble-free performance. The steel cable was 0.67% C hot-drawn plain carbon steel, also galvanized for corrosion protection. Fig. 1 Schematic of the failed connector. Specimen...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c9001193
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... under investigation Mean of 3 blades Specification for X 20 Cr 13 Breaking strength (kp/mm 2 ) 76,8 65-30 Yield point (kp/mm 2 ) 60,8 min. 45 Strain δ5 18 min. 16 Necking (%) 64 - Notch toughness (kpm/cm 2 ) 7.6 min. 4 Hardness (kp/mm 2 ) 227 180–250...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001388
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... composition of a failed bolt was determined by spectral analysis. The results—0.45% C, 0.17% Si, 0.68% Mn, 0.011% S, 1.05% Cr, and 0.18% Mo—satisfied the requirements of J1S SCM435. Mechanical Properties Hardness Microhardness testing using a 300 g load was conducted along the longitudinal section...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001771
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... the precipitate composition. Brinell hardness test was used to evaluate mechanical strength. Results and Discussion Visual Examination Figure 1 shows visual photography of four specimens. As can be seen in this figure, the unused and unfailed tube did not show any special effect ( Fig. 1a , b...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001034
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... in Fig. 5 . Fig. 8 EDS analysis of residue found in the bottom of the pit shown in Fig. 3 . Chemical analysis/identification Material and Weld Table 1 details the results of chemical analyses and hardness tests performed on the base metal and weld areas of the sections...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0001811
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... fracture of structures, especially welded ones, that are subjected to cold-temperature conditions in service. Use of a fine-grain, normalized, relatively low-carbon (0.20% C) steel will generally ensure adequate impact resistance and freedom from high hardness in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of welds...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.auto.c0001784
EISBN: 978-1-62708-218-1
... in.) radius shown in Fig. 1 . The lever is pivoted in a ball socket, and the maximum load transmitted at end A is 1.8 kN (400 lbf). The steel is 1049 hardened to 269 to 285 HB, with properties as given in Table 1 . Fatigue strength of heat-treated wrought steel of various Brinell hardness ranges...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006797
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... factors: the accuracy of the hardness testing and characteristically consistent ratios of yield strength to tensile strength for the grades of steel commonly used in spring wire. Conclusions The engine malfunctioned because one of the exhaust-valve springs had taken a 25% set in service. Relaxation...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003573
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
..., but the microstructure of the distorted spring contained small amounts of proeutectoid ferrite. Although the composition of the spring alloy was unknown, the microstructure indicated that the material was patented and cold-drawn high-carbon steel wire. The distorted spring had a hardness of 43 HRC, and the longer spring...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003566
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... a variety of steels and followed their performance over a period of time. The steels tested included plain carbon and low-alloy steels, and the hardness of each hammer complied with the hardness limits required by BS 876 (520 to 640 HV; 50.5 to 57.5 HRC). Although this type of testing yields useful...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.usage.c9001722
EISBN: 978-1-62708-236-5
... Plating of Steel”—D.T.D. 916A (Superseding D.T.D. 916), December 1955, and the salient points which affect the service life of hard chromium-plated parts are summarised below: The process is for use primarily on carbon and low alloy steels which require a hard surface and is regarded...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001800
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... energy, or even lightning strikes. Fig. 6 SEM image of a remelted, arc-damage area at one fracture origin (arrow) Fig. 7 Detail of one remelt area at a fatigue origin Untempered martensite is a hard, brittle phase with significant residual stresses that can often lead...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001064
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... Sulfur 160 ppm 250 mg/L Nitrate 40 ppm 10.0 (as N) Bicarbonate 350 ppm as CaCO 3 … Calcium hardness 390 ppm as CaCO 3 … Magnesium hardness 311 ppm as CaCO 3 … Dissolved iron 0 ppm (very high suspended iron) 0.3 mg/L Oxygen <1 ppm … Temperature 35 °C (95 °F...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001755
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... from the balls/groove wear or from some other source. The material of the inner and outer races and balls was T1 (tungsten high-speed steel). The high alloying and high carbon content produced a large number of hard, wear-resistant carbides in the microstructure [3] to achieve high hardness...