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Grinding machines

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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 4 Accelerometer at left center is attached to a grinding machine. Tiny, complex vibrations caused variations in the quality of internally ground bores. More
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.design.c9001551
EISBN: 978-1-62708-233-4
... indicating rotational vibration fatigue. Keeping bolts tight solved this problem. In another case, grinding machines were unable to produce surfaces of uniform quality and smoothness on steel bearing products. Measurements showed that self-excited vibrations were created when particular steels were ground...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.machtools.c0047964
EISBN: 978-1-62708-223-5
... of the grinding machine was reconditioned to eliminate the undulations and retained austenite was minimized by careful heat treatment. Bevel gears Cracks Gear boxes Magnetic particle testing Spalling Surface grinding 8620 UNS G86200 Rolling-contact wear The service life of a production gearbox...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c0047813
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... Abstract After being in service for ten years the ball-and-race coal pulverizer was investigated after noises were noted in it. Its lower grinding ring was attached to the 6150 normalized steel outer main shaft while the upper grinding ring was suspended by springs from a spider attached...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.machtools.c0091853
EISBN: 978-1-62708-223-5
.... The process continued until approximately 4.5 kg (10 lb) of the 75 μm product was deposited in the collection tray. The product was removed from the collection tray and the process repeated. Eventually, the machine failed due to grinding plate wear. Fig. 2 Macrographs of new (left) and worn (right...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006826
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... raisers such as machining marks and grinding burns. Failures associated with the workpiece and machining process are often apparent in the production run or procedure development, while workpiece in-service failures due to undesired surface roughness, surface topography, and surface layer metallurgy...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0009222
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... Abstract This article describes the six fundamental factors that decide a tool's performance. These are mechanical design, grade of tool steel, machining procedure, heat treatment, grinding, and handling. A deficiency in any one of the factors can lead to a tool and die failure. The article...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c0047830
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
..., the forgings were normalized, hardened and tempered to 28 to 32 HRC before being machined to increase fatigue strength and extremely rough surfaces were removed by careful grinding. Defects 4140 UNS G41400 Fatigue fracture Metalworking-related failures Textile-machine crankshafts like that shown...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c0046028
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... a fractured latch tip that shows two of several small cracks (arrows at right) that extended through the hardened case to the core, and the burned layer on latch surface (dark band indicated by arrow at left) that resulted from grinding burns The stop arms were machined from 8620 steel. The latch tips...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c9001730
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... stationary ring, between which are a set of grinding balls rolling in a horizontal plane. Force is applied through the stationary top ring (supported from the housing but free to move up and down within limits) to the lower revolving ring by springs which impose 18,000 lb of compression. The grinding ring...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001761
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... Abstract An investigation of a damaged crankshaft from a horizontal, six-cylinder, in-line diesel engine of a public bus was conducted after several failure cases were reported by the bus company. All crankshafts were made from forged and nitrided steel. Each crankshaft was sent for grinding...
Image
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 17 Forged 4140 steel textile-machine crankshaft that fractured in fatigue originating at machining marks and forging defects. (a) Configuration and dimensions (given in inches). (b) Fracture surface. (c) Hot trim marks. (d) Snag grinding marks. (e) Hot folds. (f) Section through a hot More
Image
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 1 Forged 4140 steel textile-machine crankshaft that fractured in fatigue originating at machining marks and forging defects. (a) Configuration and dimensions (given in inches). (b) Fracture surface. (c) Hot trim marks. (d) Snag grinding marks. (e) Hot folds. (f) Section through a hot fold More
Image
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 28 Forged grade 4140 steel textile-machine crankshaft that fractured in fatigue originating at machining marks and forging defects. (a) Configuration and dimensions (given in inches). (b) Fracture surface. (c) Hot trim marks. (d) Snag grinding marks. (e) Hot folds. (f) Section through More
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0001814
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
...-working and hot-working applications. It reviews problems introduced during mechanical design, materials selection, machining, heat treating, finish grinding, and tool and die operation. The brittle fracture of rehardened high-speed steels is also considered. Finally, failures due to seams or laps...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006818
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... treatment. Thus, some final grinding is usually needed after heat treatment. The presence of decarburization is generally quite detrimental. Also, because stresses are high in heat treatment and in service, rough machining marks must be avoided. Identification stamp marks are another common source...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006765
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... effective. Besides these papers, there are several other options available. One option is to planar grind the specimens with a conventional alumina grinding stone. This requires a special-purpose machine, because the stone must rotate at a high speed, ≥1500 rpm, to cut effectively. The stone must be dressed...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001350
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... Selection Small interconnecting holes were drilled around the two nozzles to remove the cracked regions. The nozzles were then separated from the cut-out disks by machining the fillet weldments, taking care that sufficient weldment material remained with the disks ( Fig. 3 ). The two disks contained...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003560
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... crusher wear, electronic circuit board drill wear, grinding plate wear failure analysis, impact wear of disk cutters, and identification of abrasive wear modes in martensitic steels. abrasive wear failures abrasive wear mechanisms adhesive wear erosive-type wear wear failure analysis...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006790
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... ): Design Improper selection of material Heat treatment Fabrication Improper machining and assembly These factors may be related to the occurrence of a failure in various ways, for example, the initiation of a crack or the increased susceptibility to wear or corrosion. General...