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Grain growth

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Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 9 Austenite grain growth in a fine-grained 0.5% C hypoeutectoid steel (aluminum deoxidized). 0.43C-0.23Si-0.75Mn (wt%). (a) Austenitized for 1 h at 850 °C, cooled at 300 °C/h. Austenite grain size: ASTM No. 7, 180 HV. Picral. 100x. (b) Austenitized for 1 h at 900°C, cooled at 300 °C/h More
Image
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 11 Overheated surface on SAE 1045 steel showing excessive grain growth and cracking. Hardness at a depth of 250 μm was HRC 59. Source Ref 7 More
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.steel.c9001598
EISBN: 978-1-62708-232-7
... Abstract The metallurgical condition of a cylindrical induction melter (CIM) vessel was evaluated after approximately 375 h of operation over a two-year span at temperatures between 1400 to 1500 deg C. Wall thinning and significant grain growth was observed in the lower portion of the conical...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001443
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... and the resistance in a starter. A transverse section through the zone of failure showed an oxide layer extended almost completely across the plane of a weld, and also the grain growth that had occurred in this region. Butt welds Conductors (devices) Grain growth Weld defects Copper Joining-related...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.aero.c9001717
EISBN: 978-1-62708-217-4
... an alternative material with a lower notch sensitivity. In addition, the temperature at which this alloy is treated must be monitored to prevent coarse grain growth. As a result of this investigation and in an effort to eliminate future failures, ARL assisted in developing a cadmium brush plating procedure...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.mech.c9001483
EISBN: 978-1-62708-225-9
... in between the bolt and the hole in the strip. The bolt end adjacent to the fracture had been subjected to intense local heating. The extent of the grain-growth indicating that the temperature had been in the region of 1200 deg C (2192 deg F). When the temperature reached the melting-point of copper, 1083...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c0047080
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... the conclusions that bending of the connector tubes in the annealed condition induced critical strain near the neutral axis of the tube, which resulted in excessive growth of individual grains during the subsequent solution treatment. Recommendations included bending the connector tubes in the T4 temper as early...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c0091048
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
...) Metallographic profile of the weld near the cracking, showing melt-through, grain growth, and precipitation. 8.9×. (d) Grain-boundary precipitates in the weld zone. 119×. (c) and (d) were etched with Vilella's reagent followed by electrolytic etching in 10% oxalic acid. Investigation Examination...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006816
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... growth or overall grain growth Increases hardenability May cause variations in local hardenability May reverse normalization and increase local segregation or banding Preheat Behaves as stress relief Relieves prior stresses Machining Grinding Cold working/forming...
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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 1 Cracking of a welded ferritic stainless steel heat exchanger. (a) Diagram showing the heat-exchanger weld joint design. (b) The transverse crack that occurred through the weld. 5.9×. (c) Metallographic profile of the weld near the cracking, showing melt-through, grain growth More
Image
Published: 01 January 2002
growth, and precipitation. 8.9×. (d) Grain-boundary precipitates in the weld zone. 119×. (c) and (d) were etched with Vilella's reagent followed by electrolytic etching in 10% oxalic acid. More
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.steel.c0046998
EISBN: 978-1-62708-232-7
... in Fig. 1 (labeled 0.012 to 0.017 in.), showed no grain coarsening. The metal near the outer surface (which was exposed to soot and to the endothermic atmosphere), before being overheated, had apparently undergone sufficient grain-boundary carburization to prevent subsequent grain growth in the outer...
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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 4 Photomicrograph of the sample sectioned from the CIM drain tube showing significant grain growth More
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 33 Examples of the microstructure of AISI M2 high-speed steel. (a) Desired quenched-and-tempered condition: 1200 °C (2200 °F) for 5 min in salt, oil quench, double temper at 595 °C (1100 °F). Etched with 3% nital. 500×. (b) Grain growth caused by reaustenitizing without annealing: 1220 °C More
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Published: 15 January 2021
near the cracking, showing melt-through, grain growth, and precipitation. Original magnification: 8.9×. (d) Grain-boundary precipitates in the weld zone. Original magnification: 119×. (c) and (d) were etched with Vilella’s reagent followed by electrolytic etching in 10% oxalic acid. More
Image
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 33 Examples of the microstructure of AISI M2 high-speed steel. (a) Desired quenched-and-tempered condition: 1200 °C (2200 °F) for 5 min in salt, oil quench, double temper at 595 °C (1100 °F). Etched with 3% nital. Original magnification: 500×. (b) Grain growth caused by reaustenitizing More
Image
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 7 Composite photomicrograph showing microstructure of the conical section from the CIM. Note significant grain growth and the lack of voids throughout the cross section. Molten glass attack is visible on ID surface, but no wall thinning occurred. More
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c9001135
EISBN: 978-1-62708-219-8
... higher than specified by the ASTM standards. The fatigue crack growth rate through this area was much faster than expected. All of these property changes resulted from increased carbon levels, higher yield strength, and larger than normal grain size. Bridges (structural) Grain size Segregation...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001270
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... was not present in the forged stock and was not typical of the forging process. The suspected cause was uneven flow of material during the forging process, which resulted in stagnant areas where grain growth occurred. Microscopic examination of the parts revealed large grain areas near the parting line. The rest...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.machtools.c9001574
EISBN: 978-1-62708-223-5
... of the used punch. Presence of a yellow porous layer was clearly evident between the nitrided layer and the coating, in case of the used punch. Cracks were observed to propagate from the outer surface into the bulk (see Figure 1a ). Oxidation was evident along the cracks. Also, extensive grain growth...