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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.chem.c0047220
EISBN: 978-1-62708-220-4
... in the gray iron gear teeth were the primary causes of fracture. During subsequent rotation, fragments of gray iron damaged the mating ductile iron gear. Recommendations included replacing the large gear material with ASTM A536, grade 100-70-03, ductile iron normalized at 925 deg C (1700 deg F), air cooled...
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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 1 Gas-nitrided 4140 steel (27–31 HRC) drive-gear assembly in which gear teeth deformed because of faulty design and low core hardness. Details A and B show deformed areas on drive-gear teeth and mating internal splines. Dimensions given in inches More
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 13 Gas-nitrided 4140 steel (27–31 HRC) drive-gear assembly in which gear teeth deformed because of faulty design and low core hardness. Details A and B show deformed areas on drive-gear teeth and mating internal splines. Dimensions given in inches More
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Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 3 Witness marks (red arrow) on the beveled gear teeth indicating hard contact on one side (Color figure online) More
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Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 11 Stresses on a pair of mating gear teeth. See Fig. 8 for rolling and sliding motion with gear rotation More
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Published: 01 December 1993
Fig. 12 Microstructure of the case-hardened gear teeth, consisting of martensite and dispersed carbides along with a few manganese sulfide inclusions. The average hardness is 55 HRC. Nital etchant. (a) 154×(b) 616× More
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 9 Pitting on helical gear teeth caused by contact fatigue. Pitting cracks frequently initiate subsurface. Source: Ref 12 More
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001300
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... Abstract A bull gear from a coal pulverizer at a utility failed by rolling-contact fatigue as the result of continual overloading of the gear and a nonuniform, case-hardened surface of the gear teeth. The gear consisted of an AISI 4140 Cr-Mo steel gear ring that was shrunk fit and pinned onto...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.usage.c0046242
EISBN: 978-1-62708-236-5
... in the part. Evidence found supports the conclusions that failure of the coupling was by fatigue and that incomplete demagnetization of the coupling following magnetic-particle inspection caused retention of metal chips in the roots of the teeth. Improper lubrication caused gear teeth to overheat and spall...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.mech.c0009190
EISBN: 978-1-62708-225-9
... additives with ISO 100 viscosity. After about 250 h of operation, two gearboxes failed by bending fatigue. Investigation showed the primary failure mode was scuffing, and the earlier bending fatigue failures were caused by dynamic loads generated by the worn gear teeth. Testing of a prototype gearbox showed...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.conag.c9001501
EISBN: 978-1-62708-221-1
... Abstract A spiral bevel gear and pinion set that showed "excessive wear on the pinion teeth" was submitted for analysis. This gear set was the primary drive unit for the differential and axle shafts of an exceptionally-large front-end loader in the experimental stages of development...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001844
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... inspecting the gear, found a crack extending radially from the bore to the surface of one of the tooth flanks. The crack runs the entire width of the bore, passing through an oil hole in the hub, across the spoke plate and out to the tip of one of the teeth. Design requirements call for the gear teeth...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.aero.c9001575
EISBN: 978-1-62708-217-4
... discoloration (particularly on the driven gear) were also observed. The gears were made from 32Cr-Mo-V13 steel, hardened and nitrided to 750 to 950 HV. Micrographic inspection of the gear teeth revealed microstructural changes that, in context, appear to be the result of friction heating. The spacers consist...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.aero.c0048257
EISBN: 978-1-62708-217-4
... Abstract Evidence of destructive pitting on the gear teeth (AMS 6263 steel) in the area of the pitchline was exhibited by an idler gear for the generator drive of an aircraft engine following test-stand engine testing. The case hardness was investigated to be lower than specified...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001078
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... Abstract A gear belonging to a pressurized heavy-water reactor refueling machine failed after 10 years in service. The material specified for the gear was a type C90700 bronze. Macroscopic examination focused on three gear teeth that had fractured completely at the roots, and fracture zones...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.auto.c9001498
EISBN: 978-1-62708-218-1
... of single-tooth contact. The cause of failure was tooth-tip interference from the mating gear teeth. Because the mating parts within the assembly had not been returned or examined, unanswered questions remained. Axles Interference Mining Motor trucks 43BV12 Rolling-contact wear Fatigue fracture...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.conag.c0092155
EISBN: 978-1-62708-221-1
... was conducted to determine the cause of the malfunction and to recommend corrective measures that would prevent similar failures in other vehicles. Fig. 1 Gas-nitrided 4140 steel (27–31 HRC) drive-gear assembly in which gear teeth deformed because of faulty design and low core hardness. Details A and B...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001077
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... Abstract The failure of a spiral bevel gear from the transmission of a helicopter was discovered when the transmission was removed after an in-flight incident. Two adjacent teeth from the carburized AISI 9310 steel gear were found to have undergone fatigue failure. Internal initiation occurred...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.conag.c9001500
EISBN: 978-1-62708-221-1
... was placing an extremely heavy point pressure on the toe end of every third gear tooth. Fig. 1 Spiral bevel pinion, 0.9×. Seven of nine teeth failed by heavy rolling contact fatigue with the origin at a bias across the profile in a confined area. Physical Appearance of Gear 48 teeth. Every...
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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 1 Spur gear, 0.9×. Only two teeth pitted, one low on profile and the adjacent tooth high on profile. Mating gear had two teeth as mirror image. This could only occur with the gears in a static position under a reverberating type of load. More