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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 20 Section through an automatic gas tungsten arc weld containing voids caused by incomplete fusion. (a) Base metal at left is Incoloy 800 nickel alloy, that at right is 2.25Cr-1.0Mo alloy steel. Filler metal was ERNiCr-3, used with cold wire feed. Macrograph. 1×. (b) Micrograph More
Image
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 2 Full-penetration autogenous gas tungsten arc weld (GTAW) joint More
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.aero.c0047598
EISBN: 978-1-62708-217-4
... Abstract Two aircraft-engine tailpipes of 19-9 DL stainless steel (AISI type 651) developed cracks along longitudinal gas tungsten arc butt welds after being in service for more than 1000 h. Binocular-microscope examination of the cracks in both tailpipes revealed granular, brittle-appearing...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c0047602
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... Abstract Parts of 21Cr-6Ni-9Mn stainless steel that had been forged at about 815 deg C (1500 deg F) were gas tungsten arc welded. During postweld inspection, cracks were found in the HAZs of the welds. Welding had been done using a copper fixture that contacted the steel in the area of the HAZ...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c0091048
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... Abstract A welded ferritic stainless steel heat exchanger cracked prior to service. The welding filler metal was identified as an austenitic stainless steel and the joining method as gas tungsten arc welding. Investigation (visual inspection, SEM images, 5.9x images, and 8.9x/119x images etched...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.aero.c0089722
EISBN: 978-1-62708-217-4
... Abstract A welded elbow assembly (AISI type 321 stainless steel, with components joined with ER347 stainless steel filler metal by gas tungsten arc welding) was part of a hydraulic-pump pressure line for a jet aircraft. The other end of the tube was attached to a flexible metal hose, which...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001837
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... Abstract This case study describes the failure analysis of a steel nozzle in which cracking was observed after a circumferential welding process. The nozzle assembly was made from low-carbon CrMoV alloy steel that was subsequently single-pass butt welded using gas tungsten arc welding. Although...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001351
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... on the order of 1 x 10−7 cu cm/s (6 x 10−8 cu in./s). Optical metallography revealed numerous pits and cracks on the surfaces of the bellow convolutes, which had been welded to one another using an autogenous gas tungsten arc welding process. Microhardness measurements indicated that the bellows had not been...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001647
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
...-penetration, autogenous, gas tungsten arc weld (GTAW) ( Fig. 2 ). The GTAW closure-welding system was developed and qualified before being used for production packaging of plutonium-bearing materials. The closure welding system and qualification efforts are described in Ref 1 and 2 . Fig. 2 Full...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.aero.c0047636
EISBN: 978-1-62708-217-4
... the welding heat. Additional support for the oil line was installed to reduce vibration and minimize fatigue of the elbow. Gas tungsten arc welding Overaging Penetration Pipe bends Repair welding 6061-T6 UNS A96061 Fatigue fracture Joining-related failures Several elbow subassemblies...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c0047641
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... Abstract A Ti-6Al-4V alloy pressure vessel failed during a proof-pressure test, fracturing along the center girth weld. The girth joints were welded with the automatic gas tungsten arc process utilizing an auxiliary trailing shield attached to the welding torch to provide inert-gas shielding...
Image
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 1 Fractures in aluminum alloy aircraft-engine oil-line elbows caused by poor welding practice. (a) Fracture of gas tungsten arc weld joining threaded boss to oil-line elbow showing lack of penetration through the surface of the V-notch and cracks at both sides of the apex of the notch. (b More
Image
Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 38 Cracking of a welded ferritic stainless steel heat exchanger (Example 22). (a) Diagram showing the heat-exchanger weld joint design. GTAW, gas tungsten arc weld. (b) Transverse crack that occurred through the weld. Original magnification: 5.9×. (c) Metallographic profile of the weld More
Image
Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 6 Different zones produced in transverse face after single pass gas tungsten arc welding along with relative sizes of zones More
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.chem.c0091362
EISBN: 978-1-62708-220-4
.... Second, when gas tungsten arc welding, a 19 mm (0.75 in.) diam ceramic nozzle with gas lens collect body is recommended. An argon gas flow rate of 28 L/min (60 ft 3 /min) is optimum. Smaller nozzles are not recommended. Argon back gas shielding is mandatory at a slight positive pressure to avoid...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001667
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
..., is presented. As an example, the materials and metallographic techniques employed in an actual on-site investigation of a gas tungsten-arc weldment joining two large diameter Ti-6Al-4V alloy cylinders are discussed in depth to illustrate what can be accomplished. Cylinders Field Metallography Welded...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.pulp.c0045911
EISBN: 978-1-62708-230-3
...) and 420 °C (790 °F). Each bellows was of a three-ply design; each ply contained two longitudinal gas tungsten arc welds and was cold formed with 13 convolutions. The welds had been inspected with dye penetrant. The Inconel 600 had been received as 1.5-mm (0.060-in.) thick sheets, hot rolled to final...
Book

Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.9781627081801
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006548
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... fiber reinforced polymer composite ft foot FTA fault-tree analysis FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy g gram G energy release rate; shear modulus GMAW gas metal arc welding GPa gigapascal GPC gel permeation chromatography GTAW gas tungsten arc weld h hour H Grossmann number hcp hexagonal close...
Book Chapter

By Carl J. Czajkowski
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001329
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... … … … Although the fittings and valve bodies were welded assemblies (gas-tungsten arc welded socket welds), the procedures used in their installation required the use of a welding flux. This flux was incorporated into the weld by applying a mixture of flux and isopropanol onto the filler wire used to weld...