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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001336
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... assemblies to eliminate the forming operation, and removal of the source of chlorine were recommended. Food processing Pitting (corrosion) 304L UNS S30403 Galvanic corrosion Pitting corrosion Background Catastrophic pitting corrosion occurred in type 304L stainless steel pipe flange...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.homegoods.c0091857
EISBN: 978-1-62708-222-8
... of a stand-off washer between the wavy washer and the bottom shoulders of the blade or modification of the shape of the wavy washer to prevent contact with the blade shoulders was recommended. Design Food processing Mixer blades Cold-formed 300 series stainless steel (Austenitic wrought stainless...
Book Chapter

By David O. Leeser
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001274
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... meat thermometers were used at various stages in the cooking process. The thermocouples were put into the meat and gravy immediately after opening the microwave oven door. It took only a short period for the thermocouple to reach equilibrium. The maximum temperature the food could reach during...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001150
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
.... Had the poor transverse properties of thick-section plate been recognized, and all the bars properly cut with respect to the rolling direction, the premature fractures would not have occurred. Diffusers Food processing Rolling direction Steel plate Fe-0.18C-1.10Mn Fe-0.20C-1.04Mn Brittle...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c9001168
EISBN: 978-1-62708-219-8
... Abstract Steel pipes, used for years in a food factory soft water preheater, were found to leak as a result of corrosion. The pipes, made of 18/8 steel, were immersed in steam maintained at 0.5 atm and 150 deg C. They carried desalinated process water, heating it to approximately 100 deg C...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c9001593
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
... in several demanding applications including food processing, medical components, and fluid handling. 1 The polysulfone body of the failed sensor had been injection molded around a tubular stainless steel insert to form the final component. Background information obtained on the application showed...
Book Chapter

By W. Reitz
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c9001604
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
... Background A food manufacturer uses SO 2 vapor generated in a heat exchanger ( Fig. 1 ) as part of a processing step. The heat exchanger is approximately 0.45 m in diameter and 2.5 m tall. The SO 2 liquid enters the heat exchanger approximately 28 cm from the bottom tubesheet. A sketch of the heat...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006939
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... to improve engine efficiency and reduce wear ( Ref 50 , 51 ). Stain Preventers Stain-prevention additives are used to preserve the aesthetics as well as prevent degradation of the material due to oil stains, dust, food particles, and so on. Common stain preventers include polyvinyl alcohol composites...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006935
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
..., connectors) Temperature resistance (cookware, electrical components) Molecular structure (microwave cookware, coaxial cable) Chemical and water resistance (food contact parts, storage tanks, fuel containers, piping, boat hulls) Nontoxicity (food contact parts, living areas) Impact resistance...
Book Chapter

By Mark T. MacLean-Blevins
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006868
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
..., and for military applications. They can be fabricated under sterile conditions, allowing for sanitary handling and preservation of foods, and for specialized medical components to be used in the operating arena during life-saving procedures. The process of developing a part to be manufactured from plastics...
Book Chapter

By Peter Martin
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006925
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
.... Engineering plastics all have, as their principal constituent, one or more synthetic polymer resins and almost universally contain additives. Additives, which have much smaller molecules than polymers, provide color, flexibility, rigidity, flame resistance, weathering resistance, and/or processibility...
Book Chapter

By Albert M. Olszewski
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001808
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... soap, bleach, food residue, etc. Findings Numerous pinholes were observed on the OD. Upon longitudinal splitting of the samples, it was observed that the ID surface was covered with a brown-colored film. Cleaning of the ID surface revealed extensive pitting ( Fig. 10 ). Cross-sectional...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.marine.c9001703
EISBN: 978-1-62708-227-3
..., it exhibits a ductile to brittle transition which can result in low fracture toughness at room temperature ( 1 ). This steel is a general purpose grade typically used in food processing and chemical containment. Although ferritic grades have very good resistance to sustained load cracking ( 2...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001034
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... 316L stainless steel trailer barrel used to haul various chemicals showed evidence of severe pitting after less than 1 year of service. Applications Semitrailers used to haul chemicals and food products are often made from type 316L stainless steel. In the manufacture of these trailers...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006811
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
.... The conclusion of this article presents several case studies illustrating the various failure modes discussed throughout. bone plates bone screws cardiovascular implants corrosion failure analysis fracture orthopedic implants surgical tools wear History and Benefits The United States Food...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006838
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... Abstract This article provides an overview of metal additive manufacturing (AM) processes and describes sources of failures in metal AM parts. It focuses on metal AM product failures and potential solutions related to design considerations, metallurgical characteristics, production...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006915
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
.... Matching of refractive indexes of PVC and its impact modifier is often used in transparent films for food packaging. Domains (second phases) that are smaller than the 400 to 700 nm wavelengths of visible light will not scatter visible light and thus do not reduce clarity. In impact-modified polymers...
Book Chapter

By Javier C. Cruz, Jeffrey A. Jansen
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006917
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... removers Paint thinners Insect and rodent repellents Adhesives Rubber plasticizers Food oils Lotions Soap and detergents Disinfectants and sanitizers Ice melt A distinction can be made within chemicals/products, based on their application, as to whether they are primary...
Book Chapter

By R.B. Thompson
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003515
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
.... Nondestructive evaluation is used in that context in this section. Attention is restricted to structural components, but applications exist in a wide range of other industries such as electronic, agricultural, food processing, biomedical, and so forth. Quantitative interpretation is an important issue...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006922
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... to be water-clear, or can it be translucent? What regulatory requirements need to be met? For example: NSF/ANSI for water contact FDA for food contact USP for pharmaceuticals RoHS that restricts the use of 10 substances in plastic Flammability requirements such as those specified under UL 94...