Fig. 1 210 mm diameter roil with fragments. Fracture origin designated by arrow. More

Fig. 2 Photograph of crack on inside of 8″ diameter pipe (crack approximately 5″ in length) More

Fig. 1 Thru-wall Crack Viewed from the Outside Diameter Surface of Pipe from Line X-50. The scale from the heat tracing cable can be seen on the right. 10% Oxalic Acid 304 Stainless Steel 2.7× Magnification More

Fig. 3 Crack Tip Near the Outside Diameter Surface. Notice the transgranular arrest. Pipe of Line X-50. 10% Oxalic Acid 304 Stainless Steel 200× Magnification More

Fig. 2 SEM photograph showing circumferential cracks along the inside diameter of one of the failed tubes. More

Fig. 13 Canister diameter variation More

Fig. 3 Fatigue cracking from the outside diameter (OD) of the sleeve (large arrow). Area between small arrows shows evidence of ductile shear at OD surface. More

Fig. 4 Network of microcracks (arrows) on the outside diameter surface of the sleeve (lower portion of the micrograph). More

Fig. 5 Microstructure of cross section through outside diameter surface of sleeve adjacent to fracture. Fracture surface is along top of micrograph. Outside diameter surface is along right side of the micrograph. Note slip banding (arrows) emanating from microcrack. 116× More

Fig. 4 Oxide layer on the outside diameter of the rotor. Etched with nital. 100x More

Fig. 1 Pitted inside-diameter surface of AISI type 410 stainless steel tube. (a) Typical example of pitting. Approximately 2 1 2 ×. (b) Enlargement of pit shown in (a). Approximately 50× More

Fig. 2 Sketch of the dimension measurements made. - outer diameter: in 4 directions - wall thickness: in 4 direction - circumference More

Fig. 1 Fracture of shaft at change in diameter adjacent to bearing. (× 1 2 ). More

Fig. 1 Large-diameter 4140 steel radar-antenna bearing that failed because of improper heat treatment of outer-ring raceway. (a) Configuration and dimensions (given in inches). (b) Fractograph showing typical damage on outer-ring raceway. (c) Micrograph of section through metal in outer ring More

Fig. 1 Fracture of piston rod of 180 mm diameter. approx. 2 3 ×. More

Fig. 5 Fracture of piston rod of 120 mm diameter. approx. 2 3 × More

Fig. 6 Baumann print of transverse section of piston rod of 120 mm diameter. approx. 2 3 × More

Fig. 3 Inside-diameter cracking in stainless steel economizer tube. (a) Cross section of tube near the end of fin fillet weld. Note cracking at the root and toe of the weld. (b) Cross section of tube under unwelded fin end showing crack below fin and pitting on inside-diameter surface. (c More

Fig. 1 Fatigue fracture of a locomotive spring with a bar diameter of 36 mm (1 1 16 in.), (a) A step (shown by arrow) is visible at the fracture surface near the inner diameter of the spring. A seam is visible, extending from the step. 0.6×. (b) Higher magnification (1.7×) of thumb More

Fig. 9 Decarburization at the outside diameter of a wire sample (white layer) and surrounding a flaw in the wire. (Bar = 50 µm) More