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Creep fracture/stress rupture

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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c9001726
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
... Oxidation Swelling Tubes Carbon steel Creep fracture/stress rupture A carbon steel furnace tube which should have given good service for ten years ruptured after one year. Analysis The tube shows obvious swelling at the point of rupture (see Fig. 1 ), and the bulged surface of the tube has...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c0091028
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
.... Electric power generation Overheating Superheater tubes ASTM A213 grade T22 UNS K21590 Creep fracture/stress rupture Failure occurred in a steel superheater tube in a power plant. The tube was specified as ASTM A 213 grade T 22, and the reported operating conditions were 13 MPa (1900 psi) at 482...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c9001000
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... not be detected. Superheaters Tube bends 1Cr-0.5Mo Creep fracture/stress rupture Rupture occurred at a bend in a superheated steam transfer line between a header and a desuperheater of a boiler producing 230 t/h of steam at 540°C and 118 kPa. The boiler had operated for 77,000 h. The geometry...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c9001011
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... of creep was not operative throughout the life of the equipment. Outlet tubes Overheating Oxidation Superheaters 2.25Cr-1Mo Creep fracture/stress rupture Thermal fatigue fracture After some 87,000 h of operation, failure took place in the bend of a steam pipe connecting a coil of the third...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.chem.c9001736
EISBN: 978-1-62708-220-4
... mechanism, namely grain boundary sliding, relating to the periodic nature of the loading, with high residual stresses being present. Grain boundary sliding Petrochemical equipment Transfer piping Welded joints 316 UNS S31600 Creep fracture/stress rupture Leakage was detected at the welds...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c0048294
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
... boiler circulation and high furnace temperatures were believed to have caused the prolonged overheating. Heat exchanger tubes Overheating Spheroidizing Superheaters 1.25Cr-0.5Mo ASME SA213-T11 Creep fracture/stress rupture Two instances of superheater rupture occurred about 10 days apart...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c9001688
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
... case. Decarburization Superheaters Tube components ASTM A209 Creep fracture/stress rupture Intergranular corrosion High-temperature corrosion and oxidation The authors have been involved in the examination of many failed superheater components and the two examples given here...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c9001737
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... successfully, it was suggested that the remaining useful life was effectively exhausted and that it should be replaced. Thermal stresses produced during operation would rapidly result in additional cracks. Casings Gas turbines Thermal stresses 321 UNS S32100 Creep fracture/stress rupture Thermal...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c0048846
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
... Electric power generation Steam lines Welded joints ASME SA335-P22 Intergranular fracture Creep fracture/stress rupture A main steam pipe was found to be leaking during a start-up after a 1-day shutdown. The leak was a large circumferential crack in a pipe-to-fitting weld in one of two steam...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.aero.c0047720
EISBN: 978-1-62708-217-4
...-related failures Creep fracture/stress rupture Airfoil-shape impingement cooling tubes were fabricated of 0.25-mm (0.010-in.) thick Hastelloy X sheet stock, then pulsed laser beam butt welded to cast Hastelloy X base plugs. Each weldment was then inserted through the base of a hollow cast turbine...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001128
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... behavior was the prime failure mechanism of seam-welded steam pipes. Creep (materials) ASTM A155-66 class 1 2.25Cr-1Mo Creep fracture/stress rupture Background Creep crack growth and fracture toughness tests were performed using test material machined from a seam-welded steam pipe that had...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c0048299
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... to find the circuits with the greatest accumulation of debris and replacing them as necessary was recommended on an annual basis. Exfoliation Scale (corrosion) 1.25Cr-0.5Mo ASME SA213-T11 High-temperature corrosion and oxidation Creep fracture/stress rupture This particular pendant-style...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c9001711
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
..., as a function of oxidation thickness, temperature and time, confirming the creep failure diagnostic. Boiler pipes Electric power generation Steam 10CrMo9-10 X20MoV12-1 Creep fracture/stress rupture Introduction Carbon steels are not adequate for boiler pipes, which must work for long times...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.usage.c0048303
EISBN: 978-1-62708-236-5
... increased the actual operating stress. Tube wastage and high operating temperatures hastened the failure. A better understanding of the material condition of this superheater was recommended to verify all the suspect hot tubes. Overheating 2.25Cr-1Mo Creep fracture/stress rupture This example...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.chem.c9001735
EISBN: 978-1-62708-220-4
... showed the welds to be inadequate, and to have a strength and creep resistance below those of the base metal. Reformer furnaces Tubine Welded joints HK-40 UNS J94224 Creep fracture/stress rupture A sample tube was removed from a reformer furnace for life assessment after 69,000 h...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001132
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... environment. On this basis, it was concluded that creep of the solder alloy was the most probable cause of failure. Creep (materials) Fire protection Soldered joints Solders Solder alloy Creep fracture/stress rupture Background A sprinkler head unit that was installed in a smoking lounge...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c0048845
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... inspection. The unit was operated under reduced-temperature conditions and with less load cycling than previously until a redesigned SA335-P22 header was installed. Boilers Piping Pressure vessels Superheaters ASME SA335-P11 Creep fracture/stress rupture It is generally not possible...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c0060144
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
... caused by third-stage creep in tubes because of the cost involved in removing the catalysts. Cracking (fractoring) Radiography Reformer furnaces Tubes HK-40 UNS J94204 Creep fracture/stress rupture ( Ref 1 ). About 1 year after start-up, two steam-methane reformer furnaces were subjected...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.chem.c0090454
EISBN: 978-1-62708-220-4
... resistance of the material and accelerated the failure. Chemical analysis Creep resistance Molding resins Residual stresses Shrinkage Solvents Storage vessels High-density polyethylene Creep fracture/stress rupture Brittle fracture A chemical storage vessel failed while in service...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001279
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... outage. Boiler tubes Graphitization Mechanical properties ASME SA219-T1A UNS K12023 High-temperature corrosion and oxidation Creep fracture/stress rupture Background Applications The superheater tubes were from a utility boiler, a base-loaded unit that had been in service for 13...