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Cold-worked stainless steel

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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 24 Cold-worked type 316LR stainless steel that was fatigued in air at different stress levels. Surfaces of broken specimens at fracture edge are shown. (a) Failure at an applied stress of 330 MPa (47.8 ksi) after 7,682,434 load cycles. Only a few glide systems adjacent to the fracture More
Image
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 21 Fatigue curves of type 316LR stainless steel implant material tested in bending mode. (a) S-N curves for stainless steel in cold-worked and soft condition that was tested in air and aerated lactated Ringer's solution. (b) Fatigue curve for number of cycles to failure as shown in Fig More
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.med.c0048413
EISBN: 978-1-62708-226-6
... surface. Fatigue striations can be seen in the grain at the lower right-hand corner. Other fracture features are crystallographically oriented. (d) Microstructure of cross section reveals that plate was made from cold-worked stainless steel of high microcleanliness. 80x The microstructure...
Image
Published: 01 January 2002
in the grain at the lower right-hand corner. Other fracture features are crystallographically oriented. (d) Microstructure of cross section reveals that plate was made from cold-worked stainless steel of high microcleanliness. 80× More
Image
Published: 01 June 2019
in the grain at the lower right-hand corner. Other fracture features are crystallographically oriented. (d) Microstructure of cross section reveals that plate was made from cold-worked stainless steel of high microcleanliness. 80x More
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001090
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
.... The damage resulted in high mean tensile stresses upon which were superimposed cyclic stresses, with fatigue failure the final result. Bellows Flexible couplings Cold-worked stainless steel Fatigue fracture Background A double-flanged, 80 mm (3 in.) ID stainless steel flexible pump connector...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001075
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... mm (0.10 in.) in diameter. The chemical specification ( Table 1 ) of the Swedish steel from which the wires were made shows that they are basically a type 316L stainless steel. The wires were also specified to be “ 3 4 hard,” an imprecise indication of the amount of cold working required...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0001819
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... measurements show that the ultimate tensile strength, the fatigue strength, and the elastic modulus of cortical bone are about ten times less than that of cold-worked stainless steel. Cancellous bone is spongy and much softer than cortical bone and exhibits mechanical behavior that is different from...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001581
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... Abstract A heavily worked 304 stainless steel wire basket recrystallized and distorted while in service at 650 deg C (1200 deg F). This case study demonstrates that heavily cold worked austenitic stainless steel components can experience large losses in creep strength, and potentially...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.med.c0048407
EISBN: 978-1-62708-226-6
... and fatigue initiation curves indicated that a local stress concentration of 500 to 600 MPa (72 to 87 ksi) was present. This load would still be below the elastic limit of the cold-worked stainless steel. No fatigue cracks were visible on the broad section of the asymmetrically placed hole. Thus, fatigue...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001097
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
...-worked condition. It has been established that cold-worked austenitic stainless steels lose their fatigue strength when notched. It has also been established that austenitic stainless steels in the annealed condition are not sensitive to notches. Cold-worked material is very notch sensitive, with notches...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001345
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... and crack deposits. Comparison of the microstructure and hardness of the swaged region and unswaged Grade TP 304 stainless steel tube metal indicated that the swaged section was not annealed to reduce the effects of cold working. The high hardness created during swaging increased the stainless steel's...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001805
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... as a possible replacement material for the cable stops. Nitronic 60 is a manganese austenitic stainless steel. The most significant effect of the manganese is an increase in strength [ 3 ] and galling resistance. Another advantage of Nitronic 60 is that it remains fully austenitic at high levels of cold work...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001360
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
...% reduction of thickness, resulting in a tensile strength that exceeds 1310 MPa (190 ksi). Because the austenitic structure of type 301 stainless steel is metastable, this severe cold working results in the formation of a significant amount of strain-induced martensite. The presence of this martensite...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001397
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... cold-worked condition, it was not possible to determine with certainty if the cracks were of the inter- or trans-granular type. It was concluded that failure was due to stress-corrosion cracking in a chloride environment. Failure of the wires was likely due to the use of a chloride-containing flux...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.petrol.c0048719
EISBN: 978-1-62708-228-0
... that the fins were cold formed and not subsequently annealed. Cold working without subsequent annealing made the tubes susceptible to SCC because of a high residual-stress level. Fig. 1 Type 304 stainless steel integral-finned tube that cracked from chlorides and high residual stresses. (a) Section...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001348
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... of chloride SCC in the sensitized HAZ of the weldment. Remedial Action Low-carbon-content steel and a low level of cold work in the dished end could have prevented sensitization in the HAZ and therefore the failure. Use of type 304L stainless steel and dished ends in the solution-annealed condition...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001343
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... was in good metallurgical condition. It was free from sensitization, and there was no significant amount of cold work. All stainless steel components are pickled and passivated as a last step in the manufacturing process. This ensures removal of all surface impurities, especially embedded iron, and also...
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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 16 (a) Extensive crack branching on outside diameter of a stainless steel tube. (b) Transgranular cracks and crack branching of 304 stainless steel. Electrolytic oxalic acid etch. (c) Stress-corrosion cracking in cartridge brass, promoted by residual stress and ammonia. (d) Cold-worked More
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.design.c0065826
EISBN: 978-1-62708-233-4
... between parallel collector plates. It was determined that the 1008 wires failed because of corrosion fatigue. It was decided to replace all of the wires in the two zones with the highest rates of failure with cold-drawn type 304 austenitic stainless steel wire. These expensive wires, however, failed after...