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Published: 01 December 1992
Fig. 8 Fatigue curves for cold-drawn type 304 austenitic stainless steel, showing that the cold-worked condition has much lower fatigue strength if samples are notched. Source: Adapted from Ref 3 . More
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c0092131
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
.... Recommendations included using quenched-and-tempered steel instead of patented and cold-drawn steel or using a more expensive chromium-vanadium alloy steel instead of plain carbon steel; the chromium-vanadium steel would also need to be quenched and tempered. Automotive components Distortion Springs...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c9001186
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
... of the fracture, but they had no effect on the breakage of the wire. Away from the fracture area, the wire had a normal structure of hyperfine lamellar pearlite (sorbite) of a “patented” and cold drawn steel wire. In the vicinity of the fracture, the cementite of the pearlite was partially spheroidized, while...
Image
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 1 Examples of histograms. These show distribution of tensile properties among different heats of grade 1117 cold-drawn steel bars. Tested were round bars, 25 mm (1 in.) in diameter, 25 heats from 2 mills. More
Book Chapter

By Elfriede Waldl
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.matlhand.c9001246
EISBN: 978-1-62708-224-2
... be concluded from the investigation that the temperature did not exceed the Ac3 point of the wire material, which should be about 750 deg C, and that the heating lasted a fairly long time. Cables Cracking (fracturing) Galvanized steels Overheating Wire Cold-drawn steel (Other, general...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.design.c0065826
EISBN: 978-1-62708-233-4
... Abstract The wires used in a wet precipitator for cleaning the gases coming off a basic oxygen furnace failed. The system consisted of six precipitators, three separate dual units, each composed of four zones. Each zone contained rows of wires (cold drawn AISI 1008 carbon steel) suspended...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001581
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... for these tests and the results, shown in Table 4 , demonstrate that the short time exposures at 650 °C caused recrystallization of the cold worked steel. 650 °C tensile test results Table 4 650 °C tensile test results Alloy and condition 0.2% YS MPa (ksi) TS MPa (ksi) 304 cold-drawn 58 (8.4...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.auto.c0091893
EISBN: 978-1-62708-218-1
... Abstract An automotive front-wheel outer angular-contact ball bearing generated considerable noise shortly after delivery of the vehicle. The inner and outer rings were made of seamless cold-drawn 52100 steel tubing, the balls were forged from 52100 steel, and the retainer was stamped from 1008...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.usage.c0048250
EISBN: 978-1-62708-236-5
... shaft. The worm and the worm gear were made of leaded cold-drawn 1113 steel and class 35-40 gray iron (nitrided in an aerated salt bath) respectively. The gearbox was found to contain fragments of the worm teeth and shavings that resembled steel wool. More than half of the worm teeth were revealed...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001075
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
..., the inability of the wires to resist pitting corrosion became an important consideration. Data on the properties of cold-worked type 316 stainless steel cold-drawn wire ( Table 2 ) show that the hardness for the “ 3 4 hard” condition and a diameter of 2.6 mm(0.1 in.) should be 29 to 32 HRC...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.matlhand.c0048031
EISBN: 978-1-62708-224-2
... it was attached to a chain for pulling jammed scrap from the baler. The rope was heavily abraded and several of the individual wires were broken. a uniform cold-drawn microstructure, with patches of untempered martensite in regions of severe abrasion and crown wear was revealed by metallographic examination...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c0090932
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... Abstract Cold-drawn type 303 stainless steel wire sections, 6.4 mm (0.25 in.) in diameter, failed during a forming operation. All of the wires failed at a gradual 90 deg bend. Investigation (visual inspection and 5.3x/71x/1187x SEM views) supported the conclusion that the wires cracked due...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.design.c0047850
EISBN: 978-1-62708-233-4
... Abstract The fan drive support shaft, specified to be made of cold-drawn 1040 to 1045 steel, fractured after 2240 miles of service. It was revealed by visual examination of the shaft that the fracture had initiated near the fillet at an abrupt change in shaft diameter. The cracks originated...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.mech.c0048131
EISBN: 978-1-62708-225-9
... Abstract The springs formed from 3.8 mm diam cold-drawn carbon steel wire failed to comply with load-test requirements. A split wire in the spring was revealed by investigation. A smooth heat-tinted longitudinal zone was observed in the fracture. It was concluded that the spring failed...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.mech.c0090994
EISBN: 978-1-62708-225-9
... Abstract Two large tension springs fractured during installation. The springs were manufactured from a grade 9254 chromium-silicon steel spring wire. The associated material specification allows wire in the cold-drawn or oil-tempered (quenched-and-tempered) condition. The specified wire tensile...
Book Chapter

By S. Krismer
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.conag.c9001635
EISBN: 978-1-62708-221-1
... hydraulic hoses), the wire reinforcing strands were a medium-carbon steel in the cold drawn condition. Radiographic nondestructive testing (NDT) was recommended to determine when a hydraulic hose should be replaced. Hydraulic hoses Wire reinforcement Carbon steel Ductile fracture Crevice corrosion...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c9001646
EISBN: 978-1-62708-219-8
... drawn wire was subsequently cold rolled to an intermediate Z-profile and then drawn through five passes in a continuous wire drawing machine to the final Z-profile. The wires produced satisfied the tensile strength, torsion, and bend requirements for the Z-profile roping wires. Visual Examination...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001800
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... to the electroplating operation); however, embrittlement of prior austenite grain boundaries should not be possible with cold-drawn music wire. In music wire the ferrite grains and pearlite colonies are severely deformed, and any prior austenite grain boundaries are destroyed during the drawing operation. Indeed...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001778
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... methods, and amount of cold work [ 1 ]. Generally high-carbon steel wires (C ~ 0.45–0.85 wt.%) are used for rope making because of their high strength [ 1 , 2 ]. Qualities of the wire rods from which wires are drawn play an important role in the properties of the rope. The rod should be free from surface...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c0048039
EISBN: 978-1-62708-219-8
... Fatigue fracture of a steel 8 × 19 elevator cable. The fracture resulted from cyclic torsional and tensile stresses. (a) Conical shape at end of cable, and end of broken cable. (b) As-received 1.2-mm-diam wire. 25×. (c) Same wire after cleaning with a cold aqueous solution of 10% HCl. 25×. A indicates...