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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.chem.c0047220
EISBN: 978-1-62708-220-4
... Abstract Two oil-pump gears broke after four months of service in a gas compressor that operated at 1000 rpm and provided a discharge pressure of 7240 kPa (1050 psi). The compressor ran intermittently with sudden starts and stops. The large gear was sand cast from class 40 gray iron...
Image
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 1 Sand-cast oil-pump gears. (a) ASTM A536, grade 100-70-03, ductile iron. (b) Class 40 gray iron that fractured because of improper material selection. 0.25× More
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c0047297
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... a composition closer to class 40 than to class 30 gray iron. Although class 40 gray iron is normally stronger than class 30, the low combined carbon values (<0.8%) indicate a probable high-ferrite matrix. Because ferrite tends to lower the strength of the material, heat treatment may have been attempted...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.usage.c0048250
EISBN: 978-1-62708-236-5
... shaft. The worm and the worm gear were made of leaded cold-drawn 1113 steel and class 35-40 gray iron (nitrided in an aerated salt bath) respectively. The gearbox was found to contain fragments of the worm teeth and shavings that resembled steel wool. More than half of the worm teeth were revealed...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001128
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... Abstract Creep crack growth and fracture toughness tests were performed using test material machined from a seam welded ASTM A-155-66 class 1 (2.25Cr-1Mo) steel steam pipe that had been in service for 15 years. The fracture morphology was examined using SEM fractography. Dimpled fracture...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.chem.c9001735
EISBN: 978-1-62708-220-4
.... This is known to be the main cause for life extinction in this class of equipment ( 2 ), whose useful lives may vary from 30,000 to 150,000 h. Creep damage assessment is based on the detection of damage centers in the form of apparent voids distributed along grain boundaries perpendicular to the principal...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.marine.c9001591
EISBN: 978-1-62708-227-3
..., the passengers and mail were transferred from the dock to the ship by the two White Star Line tenders, the SS Nomadic and the SS Traffic. Many of the first class passengers came on board at Cherbourg after having spent the winter in the South of France, on the Greek Isles, or in Egypt. The next morning...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006922
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... to the fact that they are generally more familiar. If the material selection process is limited to this type of plastic, a large class of plastic materials with attractive properties—thermosets—will be ignored. Because thermoset materials solidify by a chemical reaction to create a cross-linked molecular...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001835
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... mm × 130 mm, and it is assembled to the blade by means of M24 10.9 class bolts equally distributed along its inner ring. The total number of the bolts is 48. The bearing’s inner ring bolts connect the blade, the bearing’s inner ring, the torque plate, and the stiffening plate. Many researchers...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.usage.c9001434
EISBN: 978-1-62708-236-5
..., which is so often responsible for the initiation of fatigue cracks in service. In some cases, welding can be applied successfully, but only if the class of material to be welded is known and the appropriate welding technique is carefully applied; in others (such as the one described) it is best avoided...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001828
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... Implemented The journals on all four pumps were replaced with new journals with the following specifications and controlled properties: The journal material was revised from A-296-CA-40, a cast material, to an ASTM A182-82 Grade F6a (Nuclear Class 4), which is a forging and has proven operating...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001765
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... K02401 ASTM A537 class 2 Introduction Coating and cathodic protection (CP) are both engineering techniques with the primary purpose of mitigating and preventing corrosion. To obtain maximum corrosion resistance from the combination of a coating and CP, a number of factors must be taken...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006811
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... States, medical devices fall under the auspices of the FDA and must be cleared or approved prior to commercial use. The continuously evolving 510(k) program is one of the means by which the FDA evaluates and approves new medical devices coming to the market, with most class II (moderate-risk) medical...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006837
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... of the chemical analysis, along with the specifications from AAR M-107/M-208 for class C wheels. The chemical composition of the wheel was within AAR specification. Chemical analysis in accordance with ASTM International Standard E415 Table 1 Chemical analysis in accordance with ASTM International Standard...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001083
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... void.Unetched. 62×. Chemical Analysis Identification A small section was removed from impeller 1 for quantitative chemical analysis. The chemical composition of the impeller material is presented in Table 2 , along with the chemical requirements for ASTM Specification B62, class C83600. The impeller...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.chem.c9001420
EISBN: 978-1-62708-220-4
... presence undoubtedly accelerated the corrosive influences as a result of electrochemical action, but the evidence available is insufficient to indicate the magnitude of this effect on the fissures. This case illustrates the danger of operating this class of plant without subjecting it to periodical...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.petrol.c9001137
EISBN: 978-1-62708-228-0
... another class of CSPVs. One of these vessels, used as carbon dioxide adsorber and operating at −130°C, had failed catastrophically through a crack in its domed head some two years previously. A failure analysis report ( 4 ) attributed the failure largely to stress corrosion cracking (SCC), but no fracture...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c9001143
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... and potassium chloride. As the steam expands through the turbine, the solubility of the corrosive chemicals decreases. When the solubility limit is reached the chemicals precipitate into droplets of concentrated solutions which are in equilibrium with the steam. Chemicals such as sodium hydroxide are in a class...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.marine.c9001141
EISBN: 978-1-62708-227-3
... two different classes of ships. Thus the incidence of cracking seemed to be rather widespread and a detailed investigation was in order to investigate and determine the causes of the cracks to see if there were any design or ship class implications. General Observations The cracks in the hull...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003551
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... and describes the corrosion resistance characteristics of specific classes of refractories and structural ceramics. The article also examines the prevention strategies that minimize corrosion failures of both classes of materials. aerospace industry automotive industry chemical corrosion chemical...