Skip Nav Destination
Close Modal
By
G.H. Walter, R.M. Hendrickson, R.D. Zipp
By
Wilson G. Dobson, Neil J. Dilloff, Harold B. Gatslick
By
Friedrich Karl Naumann, Ferdinand Spies
By
T.L. da Silveira, I. Le May
By
R.R. Bhat, Vaisakhi Nandi, V. Manohara, S.V. Suresh
By
Jonathan Carlos Contreras, Sylvia Lucia Natividad, Stephen William Stafford
By
Moavinul Islam
Search Results for
Casings
Update search
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
NARROW
Format
Topics
Book Series
Date
Availability
1-20 of 8505
Search Results for Casings
Follow your search
Access your saved searches in your account
Would you like to receive an alert when new items match your search?
1
Sort by
Book Chapter
Anomalous Fractures of Diesel Engine Bearing Cap Bolts
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001377
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
.... This orientation appeared to correspond with the principal stress planes associated with the combined torsion and tensile stresses present in the shank when the bolt was tightened. The extent to which cracking occurred in some cases prior to failure is indicated in Fig. 3 . In several cases, however, broken bolts...
Abstract
Sudden and unexplained bearing cap bolt fractures were experienced with reduced-shank design bolts fabricated from 42 CrMo 4 steel, quenched and tempered to a nominal hardness of 38 to 40 HRC. Fractographic analysis provided evidence favoring stress-corrosion cracking as the operating transgranular fracture failure mechanism. Water containing H7S was subsequently identified as the aggressive environment that precipitated the fractures in the presence of high tensile stress. This environment was generated by the chemical breakdown of the engine oil additive and moisture ingress into the normally sealed bearing cap chamber surrounding the bolt shank. A complete absence of fractures in bolts from one of the two vendors was attributed primarily to surface residual compressive stresses produced on the bolt shank by a finish machining operation after heat treatment. Shot cleaning, with fine cast shot, produced a surface residual compressive stress, which eliminated stress-corrosion fractures under severe laboratory conditions.
Book Chapter
Forensic Engineering: A Case Study
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c9001548
EISBN: 978-1-62708-219-8
... Chlorides Fire retardants Plywood 3006-H16 UNS A93006 3105 UNS A93105 Intergranular corrosion Introduction Articles on failure analysis generally fall into two categories: either a description of how to conduct a failure analysis, or a series of case studies of typical failures, usually...
Abstract
In 1975, a manufacturer was awarded a contract to produce modular air-traffic control towers for the U.S. Navy. The specifications called for painted steel siding, but the manufacturer convinced the Navy to substitute aluminum-bonded-to-plywood panels that were provided by a supplier. In less than one year, the panels began to delaminate and the aluminum began to crack. It was found that the failure was the result of chloride-induced intergranular corrosion caused by chemicals in the adhesive and excessive moisture in the wood introduced during manufacturing.
Book Chapter
Investigation of a Case Hardened Sleeve
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001214
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... Abstract A case-hardened sleeve made of C 15 (Material No. 1.0401) was flattened at two opposing sides and had cracked open at these places, the crack initiating at a face plane. The wall of the sleeve was 9 mm thick, but the flat ends were machined down to 5.5 mm from the outside. The customer...
Abstract
A case-hardened sleeve made of C 15 (Material No. 1.0401) was flattened at two opposing sides and had cracked open at these places, the crack initiating at a face plane. The wall of the sleeve was 9 mm thick, but the flat ends were machined down to 5.5 mm from the outside. The customer had specified a 2 mm case depth and a hardness of at least HRC 55 at a depth of 1.5 mm. An etched cross section of the cracked end showed that the case layer had a depth of 2.3 mm, so that the sleeve was almost through-hardened at the flat ends. While the core material with the full wall thickness had the quench structure of low-carbon steel, the structure of the flattened area consisted of coarse acicular martensite with a small amount of pearlite (quench troostite) and ferrite. Therefore the sleeve was overheated and probably quenched directly from case. To prevent damage, it would have been necessary to have a lower case depth, carburize less deeply, and prevent overheating that causes brittleness and leads also to increased case depth, or else use a fine-grained steel of lower hardenability.
Book
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.9781627082150
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
Book
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.9781627082143
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
Book Chapter
A Case of Caustic Cracking at a Tube Expansion
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c9001406
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... operation was present. B.S. 2486, “Treatment of Waters for Land Boilers”, recommends that waters be treated to prevent caustic cracking at tube expansions, flanged joints, etc. Examples, however, have been few and far between, but the case to be described records such an instance. Surprisingly enough...
Abstract
Caustic cracking is the term used to describe one of the forms in which stress-corrosion cracking manifests itself in carbon steels. In the present study, persistent leakage occurred after ten weeks of service from tube expansions in the steam and mud drum of a two-drum D type boiler, which failed to respond to repeated expansion. The leakage was traced to circumferential cracking in the portion of Fe-0.11C-0.46Mn-0.018S-0.011P tubes within the expanded region. Microscopic examination indicated that all cracks started from the outer surface of the tubes in the expanded portion. The form of cracking which was mostly intergranular. Examination at higher magnification disclosed that a selective attack had taken place on the carbide constituents of the pearlite grains. An alkaline deposit on the fireside surface of the tube resulted from the evaporation of boiler water which had found its way past the tube expansions. This indicated that this operation had not resulted in a satisfactorily tight joint.
Book
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.9781627082419
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
Book Chapter
Damage in a Gas Turbine Hot Gas Casing
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c9001737
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... Abstract The hot gas casing of a gas turbine used for peak load power production had developed extensive cracking during operation. The operating time was 18,000 h, and it had been subjected to 1,600 operating cycles. The gas temperature on the hot side was 985 deg C, on the cold side 204 deg C...
Abstract
The hot gas casing of a gas turbine used for peak load power production had developed extensive cracking during operation. The operating time was 18,000 h, and it had been subjected to 1,600 operating cycles. The gas temperature on the hot side was 985 deg C, on the cold side 204 deg C, the material being AISI 321 stainless steel. The purpose of the present study was to determine optimum repair welding procedures on the premise that the material was basically sound and undamaged by creep. The cracking was the result of thermal fatigue, and such cracks can propagate at elevated temperature, with damage ahead of the crack tip occurring by means of very local processes of creep. Metallographic examination disclosed heavy surface layers of carbides, such that the material was extremely brittle when subjected to bending. Accordingly, although it was demonstrated that the casing could be welded successfully, it was suggested that the remaining useful life was effectively exhausted and that it should be replaced. Thermal stresses produced during operation would rapidly result in additional cracks.
Book Chapter
Cracking of a Fire-Extinguisher Case Because of Overheating
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c0048787
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... Abstract Leakage from the top of a fire-extinguisher case, made of 1541 steel tubing and closed by spinning was observed during testing. Three small folds were observed on the surface by visual examination and one was sectioned. A very fine transverse fissure through the section was revealed...
Abstract
Leakage from the top of a fire-extinguisher case, made of 1541 steel tubing and closed by spinning was observed during testing. Three small folds were observed on the surface by visual examination and one was sectioned. A very fine transverse fissure through the section was revealed. Streaks of ferrite were observed by metallographic examination. It was concluded that cracking of the top of the fire-extinguisher case was the result of ferrite streaks formed due to metal overheating. The temperature of the metal was recommended to be controlled so that the spinning operation is done at a lower temperature to avoid formation of ferrite streaks.
Book Chapter
Case Study on Failure of Ball Bearing of an Aeroengine
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001795
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... (as the bearing was axially loaded) or to some misalignment [ 2 – 4 ]. However, SEM analysis did not reveal any evidence of embedded foreign (external) debris in the damage on the outer race of the bearing. In the case of axial overload, it is normally expected that the defect shall be noticed only on one side...
Abstract
A ball bearing in a military jet engine sustained heavy damage and was analyzed to determine the cause. Almost all of the balls and a portion of the outer race were found to be flaking, but there were no signs of damage on the inner race and cage. Tests (chemistry, hardness, and microstructure) indicated that the bearing materials met the specification requirements. However, closer inspection revealed areas of discoloration, or nonuniform contact marks, on the ID surface of the inner ring. The unusual wear pattern suggested that the bearing was not properly mounted, thus subjecting it to uneven or eccentric loading. This explains the preferential nature of the flaking on the outer race and points to an assembly error as the root cause of failure.
Book Chapter
Failure Analysis Case Study on a Fractured Tailwheel Fork
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001753
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
Abstract
A failure analysis investigation was conducted on a fractured aluminum tailwheel fork which failed moments after the landing of a privately owned, 1955 twin-engine airplane. Nondestructive evaluation via dye-penetrant inspection revealed no discernible surface cracks. The chemical composition of the sand-cast component was identified via optical emission spectroscopy and is comparable to an aluminum sand-cast alloy, AA 712.0. Metallographic evaluation via optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed a high degree of porosity in the microstructure as well as the presence of deleterious intermetallic compounds within interdendritic regions. Macrohardness testing produced hardness values which are noticeably higher than standard hardness values for 712.0. The primary fracture surfaces indicate evidence of mixed-mode fracture, via intergranular cracking, cleaved intermetallic particles, and dimpled cellular regions in the matrix. The secondary fracture surface demonstrates similar features of intergranular fracture.
Book
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.auto.9781627082181
EISBN: 978-1-62708-218-1
Book Chapter
Failure of a Thick-Wall Casing for a Steam Turbine by Cracking
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c0089663
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... Abstract A crack was discovered in a cast steel (ASTM A 356, grade 6) steam turbine casing during normal overhaul of the turbine. The mechanical properties of the casting all exceeded the requirements of the specification. When the fracture surface was examined visually, an internal-porosity...
Abstract
A crack was discovered in a cast steel (ASTM A 356, grade 6) steam turbine casing during normal overhaul of the turbine. The mechanical properties of the casting all exceeded the requirements of the specification. When the fracture surface was examined visually, an internal-porosity defect was observed adjoining a tapped hole. A second, much larger cavity was also detected. Investigation (visual inspection and 7500x SEM fractographs) supported the conclusions that failure occurred through a zone of structural weakness that was caused by internal casting defects and a tapped hole. The combination of cyclic loading (thermal fatigue), an aggressive service environment (steam), and internal defects resulted in gradual crack propagation, which was, at times, intergranular-with or without corrosive attack-and, at other times, was transgranular.
Book
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.design.9781627082334
EISBN: 978-1-62708-233-4
Book
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.aero.9781627082174
EISBN: 978-1-62708-217-4
Book
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.matlhand.9781627082242
EISBN: 978-1-62708-224-2
Book
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.9781627082341
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
Book Chapter
An Unusual Case of Hydrogen-Induced Failure in a Refinery Boiler Tube
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001322
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... °C (1000 °F) ( Ref 1 ). However, in the present case, it is difficult to assess the duration of exposure and exact temperature to which the tube was subjected. The microstructure indicates that prior to the failure the tube had been exposed to local temperatures in the range 538 to 677 °C (1000...
Abstract
A failed SAE-192 carbon steel tube from a 6.2-MPa (900-psig), 200-Mg/h (180-ton/h) capacity refinery boiler was analyzed to determine its failure mode. Optical and SEM examination results were combined with knowledge of the boiler operating conditions to conclude that the failure was hydrogen-induced. The hydrogen was probably generated by the steam-iron reaction. The source of steam on the flue gas side could be traced to a cracked fillet weld in the boiler The failure mode was unusual in that the attack was found to originate from the flue gas side of the tube rather than the steam side.
Book
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.mech.9781627082259
EISBN: 978-1-62708-225-9
Book
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.rail.9781627082310
EISBN: 978-1-62708-231-0
1