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ASTM A234 grade WPB
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in Failures of Pressure Vessels and Process Piping
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 51 (a) Failed carbon steel ASTM A234, grade WPB component during hydrotesting at 15 °C (59 °F). (b) Failed carbon steel ASTM A350, grade LF2 CL1 component during hydrotesting at 0 °C (32 °F). Source: Ref 21
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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001065
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... Abstract A 460 mm (18 in.) diam suction line to the main feed water pump for a nuclear power plant failed in a violent, catastrophic manner. Samples of pipe, elbow, and weld materials (ASTM A106 grade B carbon steel, ASTM A234 grade WPB carbon steel, and E7018 carbon steel electrode...
Abstract
A 460 mm (18 in.) diam suction line to the main feed water pump for a nuclear power plant failed in a violent, catastrophic manner. Samples of pipe, elbow, and weld materials (ASTM A106 grade B carbon steel, ASTM A234 grade WPB carbon steel, and E7018 carbon steel electrode, respectively) from the suction line were analyzed. Evidence of overall thinning of the elbow and pipe material and ductile tearing of fractures indicated that the feed water pipe failed as a result of an erosion corrosion mechanism, which thinned the wall sufficiently to cause rapid, ductile tearing of the material after its design stress had been exceeded. It was recommended that steel with a higher chromium content be used to mitigate the erosion corrosion potential in the lines and that more rigorous nondestructive (ultrasonic) examinations be performed.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001325
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... quality. Hydrogen sulfide Weld metal Welded joints UNS K03005 UNS K03504 UNS K03006 ASTM A53 grade B ASTM A105 ASTM A234 grade WPB Uniform corrosion High-temperature corrosion and oxidation Background Application This cross-tee was located in piping which conveyed concentrated H...
Abstract
A carbon steel piping cross-tee assembly which conveyed hydrogen sulfide (H7S) process gas at 150 to 275 deg C (300 to 585 deg F) with a maximum allowable operating pressure of 3 MPa (450 psig) ruptured at the toe of one of the welds at the cross after several years of service. The failure was initially thought to be the result of thermal fatigue, and the internal surfaces exhibited the “elephant hide” pattern characteristic of thermal fatigue. However metallographic failure analysis found that this pattern was the result of corrosion rather than thermal fatigue. Corrosion caused failure at this location because the weld was abnormally thin as fabricated. Thus, failure resulted from inadequate deposition of weld metal and subsequent wall thinning from internal corrosion. It was recommended that the cross-tee be replaced with a like component, with more careful attention to weld quality.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.chem.c9001534
EISBN: 978-1-62708-220-4
... startup, culminating in catastrophic failure as soon as the crack exceeded critical length. Ammonia Condenser tubes Refrigerating machinery Weld defects Welded joints API 5L B ASTM A234 grade WPB UNS K03006 Joining-related failures Intergranular fracture Hydrogen damage and embrittlement...
Abstract
A detailed failure analysis was conducted on an ammonia refrigerant condenser tube component that failed catastrophically during its initial hours of operation. Evidence collected clearly demonstrated that the weld between a pipe and a dished end contained a sharp unfused region at its root (lack of penetration). Component failure had started from this weld defect. The hydrogen absorbed during welding facilitated crack initiation from this weld defect during storage of the component after welding. Poor weld toughness at the low operating temperature facilitated crack growth during startup, culminating in catastrophic failure as soon as the crack exceeded critical length.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006812
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
..., or 0.237 in., wall thickness) pipe of ASTM A213, grade T11 (1.25Cr-0.5Mo) ferritic steel. The unit operated at 2410 kPa (350 psi), with a hydrocarbon feed stream (85% propylene) entering at 260 to 290 °C (500 to 550 °F) and leaving at 425 to 480 °C (800 to 900 °F). The temperature of the combustion gas...
Abstract
This article discusses pressure vessels, piping, and associated pressure-boundary items of the types used in nuclear and conventional power plants, refineries, and chemical-processing plants. It begins by explaining the necessity of conducting a failure analysis, followed by the objectives of a failure analysis. Then, the article discusses the processes involved in failure analysis, including codes and standards. Next, fabrication flaws that can develop into failures of in-service pressure vessels and piping are covered. This is followed by sections discussing in-service mechanical and metallurgical failures, environment-assisted cracking failures, and other damage mechanisms that induce cracking failures. Finally, the article provides information on inspection practices.