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316LR
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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.med.c0048403
EISBN: 978-1-62708-226-6
... Abstract During the internal fixation, the type 316LR stainless steel cortical bone screw failed. Extensive spiral deformation was revealed by the fracture surface. Dimple structure characteristic of a ductile failure mode was observed with dimples oriented uniformly in the deformation...
Abstract
During the internal fixation, the type 316LR stainless steel cortical bone screw failed. Extensive spiral deformation was revealed by the fracture surface. Dimple structure characteristic of a ductile failure mode was observed with dimples oriented uniformly in the deformation direction. A zone of heavily deformed grains at the fracture edge was revealed by longitudinal metallographic examination. The shearing fractures of a commercially pure titanium screw and a cast cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy were discussed for purpose of comparison.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.med.c0048407
EISBN: 978-1-62708-226-6
... concentration was revealed to be high. Crack initiation Surgical implants 316LR Fatigue fracture The plate shown in Fig. 1(a) and (b) was used to treat a pseudarthrosis in the proximal femur. Because healing did not progress, the plate was removed and submitted for investigation. The bone...
Abstract
The plate used to treat a pseudarthrosis in the proximal femur was investigated for reasons of non-progress of healing. Fatigue cracks were revealed on the top surface of the small section of the plate at the fifth screw hole. The plate was found to be heavily loaded by comparison of intensity of these structures, compared to results of systematic crack-initiation experiments. It was revealed by fatigue bending tests that the fatigue life of plates with asymmetrically arranged holes is at least as long as for plates with holes situated in the center. Fatigue began at the large section only after a fatigue crack begins to propagate into the small plate section. A large secondary crack which had developed parallel to the main crack in the center of the surface was revealed. The fifth hole was situated at the transition between the supporting bone and the defect and hence stress concentration was revealed to be high.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.med.c0048420
EISBN: 978-1-62708-226-6
... Abstract Fretting and fretting corrosion at the contact area between the screw hole of a type 316LR stainless steel bone plate and the corresponding screw head was studied. The attack on the 316LR stainless steel was only shallow. Mechanical grinding and polishing structures were exhibited...
Abstract
Fretting and fretting corrosion at the contact area between the screw hole of a type 316LR stainless steel bone plate and the corresponding screw head was studied. The attack on the 316LR stainless steel was only shallow. Mechanical grinding and polishing structures were exhibited by a large portion of the contact area. Fine corrosion pits in the periphery were observed and intense mechanical material transfer that can take place during fretting was revealed. Smearing of material layers over each other during wear was observed and attack by pitting corrosion was interpreted to be possible.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.med.c0048405
EISBN: 978-1-62708-226-6
... Abstract Type 316LR stainless steel screws that failed by fatigue were studied. It was found that fatigue fracture can occur on different thread levels, depending on the loading situation. The initiation of secondary fatigue cracks was occasionally found parallel to the fracture plane...
Abstract
Type 316LR stainless steel screws that failed by fatigue were studied. It was found that fatigue fracture can occur on different thread levels, depending on the loading situation. The initiation of secondary fatigue cracks was occasionally found parallel to the fracture plane. The screws were used with a relatively rigid plate to treat a fracture complication in the upper end of the femur. The fatigue failures were explained by signs of unstable fixation revealed by radiographs.
Image
in Fatigue Initiation on Type 316LR Straight Bone Plate
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Medical and Biomedical Devices
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 1 Crack initiation on type 316LR stainless steel dynamic compression plate. (a) Anterior-posterior radiograph. The plate was used to treat the nonunion of a fracture between the fourth and seventh screws. The plate was bent intraoperatively to fit the contour of the bone. (b) Radiograph
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Image
in Fatigue Initiation on Type 316LR Straight Bone Plate
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Medical and Biomedical Devices
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 3 Top surface of broken plate of type 316LR stainless steel. Fatigue cracks parallel to the fracture edge and a wide area exhibiting primary fatigue deformation are visible. 65x
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Image
in Characteristic Observations on Type 316LR Stainless Steel Screws That Failed by Fatigue
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Medical and Biomedical Devices
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 1 Type 316LR stainless steel screws that failed by fatigue. (a) Fatigue fractures at different thread levels. (b) Longitudinal section perpendicular to fracture surface without deformation zone at fracture site. A small secondary crack is shown at thread site (arrow). 55×. (c) Fatigue
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Image
in Shearing Fracture of a Type 316LR Stainless Steel Screw
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Medical and Biomedical Devices
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 1 Mechanically forced shearing fracture of type 316LR stainless steel screw. (a) Fracture surface with typical spiral deformation texture. SEM. (b) Close-up of fracture surface with shear dimples oriented in twisting direction. (c) Fracture edge with flow lines. (d) Longitudinal
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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.med.c0048419
EISBN: 978-1-62708-226-6
... of type 316LR stainless steel and some mechanical fretting and very few corrosion pits were revealed. Type 304 stainless steel was deemed not to be satisfactory as an implant material. Inclusions Surgical implants 304 UNS S30400 Pitting corrosion Figure 1 shows a screw head that exhibits...
Abstract
Heavy pitting corrosion on type 304 stainless steel bone screw was studied. A screw head that exhibited heavy pitting corrosion attack was observed. Deep tunnels that penetrated the screw head and followed the inclusion lines were revealed. The screw was inserted in a plate made of type 316LR stainless steel and some mechanical fretting and very few corrosion pits were revealed. Type 304 stainless steel was deemed not to be satisfactory as an implant material.
Image
in Screw Hole With Fretting and Fretting Corrosion of a Type 316LR Stainless Steel Plate
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Medical and Biomedical Devices
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 1 Fretting and fretting corrosion at the contact area between the screw hole of a type 316LR stainless steel bone plate and the corresponding screw head. (a) Overview of wear on plate hole showing mechanical and pitting corrosion attack. 15x. (b) Higher-magnification view of shallow
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Image
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 35 Fretting and fretting corrosion at the contact area between the screw hole of a type 316LR stainless steel bone plate and the corresponding screw head. (a) Overview of wear on plate hole showing mechanical and pitting corrosion attack. 15×. (b) Higher-magnification view of shallow
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Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0001819
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
.... Example 5: Shearing Fracture of a Type 316LR Stainless Steel Screw The cortical bone screw shown in Fig. 11 broke during the internal fixation procedure. It may have been inserted very obliquely in the screw hole and therefore sheared off. The fracture surface ( Fig. 11a ) exhibited extensive...
Abstract
This article commences with a description of the prosthetic devices and implants used for internal fixation. It describes the complications related to implants and provides a list of major standards for orthopedic implant materials. The article illustrates the body environment and its interactions with implants. The considerations for designing internal fixation devices are also described. The article analyzes failed internal fixation devices by explaining the failures of implants and prosthetic devices due to implant deficiencies, mechanical or biomechanical conditions, and degradation. Finally, the article discusses the fatigue properties of implant materials and the fractures of total hip joint prostheses.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003562
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
Abstract
This article reviews the general characteristics of fretting wear in mechanical components with an emphasis on steel. It focuses on the effects of physical variables and the environment on fretting wear. The variables include the amplitude of slip, normal load, frequency of vibration, type of contact and vibration, impact fretting, surface finish, and residual stresses. The form, composition, and role of the debris are briefly discussed. The article also describes the measurement, mechanism, and prevention of fretting wear. It concludes with several examples of failures related to fretting wear.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006829
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
Abstract
Fretting is a wear phenomenon that occurs between two mating surfaces; initially, it is adhesive in nature, and vibration or small-amplitude oscillation is an essential causative factor. Fretting generates wear debris, which oxidizes, leading to a corrosion-like morphology. This article focuses on fretting wear related to debris formation and ejection. It reviews the general characteristics of fretting wear, with an emphasis on steel. The review covers fretting wear in mechanical components, various parameters that affect fretting; quantification of wear induced by fretting; and the experimental results, map approach, measurement, mechanism, and prevention of fretting wear. This review is followed by several examples of failures related to fretting wear.